Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780321885326
Author: Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 16TYK
Measurements indicate that a fossilized skull you unearthed has a carbon-14: carbon-12 ratio about 1/16th that of the skulls of present-day animals. What is the approximate age of the fossil? (The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years.)
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Carbon-14 dating works for fossils up to about 75,000 years old;fossils older than that contain too little 14C to be detected. Mostdinosaurs went extinct 65.5 million years ago. (a) Can 14C be usedto date dinosaur bones? Explain. (b) Radioactive uranium-235 hasa half-life of 704 million years. If it was incorporated into dinosaurbones, could it be used to date the dinosaur fossils? Explain
The researchers found that the Neanderthal fossil had approximately0.0078 as much 14C as found originally in the atmosphere. (a) Usingthe numbers on your graph, determine how many half-lives havepassed since the Neanderthal died. (b) Using your 14C calibration onthe x-axis, what is the approximate age of the Neanderthal fossil inyears (round off to the nearest thousand)? (c) Approximately whendid Neanderthals become extinct according to this study? (d) Theresearchers cite evidence that modern humans (H. sapiens) becameestablished in the same region as the last Neanderthals approximately 39,000–42,000 years ago. What does this suggest aboutthe overlap of Neanderthals and modern humans?
Imagine you were to find a fossilized animal bone containing one-eighth the amount of carbon-14 present in earth’s atmosphere today. How long ago did the animal die?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
Ch. 15 - Using the figure below, describe the stages that...Ch. 15 - Fill in this concept map about systematics.Ch. 15 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 15 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 15 - Adaptive radiations may be promoted by all of the...Ch. 15 - A swim bladder is a gas-filled sac that helps fish...Ch. 15 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 15 - Which of the following could provide the best data...Ch. 15 - Prob. 10TYK
Ch. 15 - Distinguish between microevolution and...Ch. 15 - Which are more likely to be closely related: two...Ch. 15 - How can the Darwinian concept of descent with...Ch. 15 - Explain why changes in the regulation of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 15 - Measurements indicate that a fossilized skull you...Ch. 15 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 15 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING When Stanley Millers...
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- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 27 28 30 330 29 29 30 Based on the given figure, answer the following questions (Note: BYA=Billion Years ago; MYA= Million years ago) The oldest eukaryote might be dated back to? Each day represents how many years? When did the first prokaryotic fossil exist? When did photosynthesis first emerged? The multicellular organisms appeared? ~1.5 BYA ~2.5 BYA ~10 BYA ~3.5 BYA ~150 MY ~50 MY ~1 MY ~4.5 MYA ~ 10 MYA ~1 BYAarrow_forwardImagine you are the head of a newly formed NASA Interplanetary Paleontology Department! Based on preliminary observations of a nearby planet (listed below), do you expect fossils to be in high or low abundance? Provide three evidence-based arguments to justify your choice, identifying the type of fossil record bias associated with each. Preliminary Observations: Volcanic eruptions and the formation of rift valleys and active subduction zones are regular occurrences on this planet. Algae and many soft-bodied animals are found in the oceans. A few leafy plants and a diversity of insect- and scorpion-like animals dominate the land at low densities. You can make the following assumptions: 1. The planet is of similar age and environmental conditions to Earth 2. Decomposition and other mechanisms relevant for fossilization occur on this planet as they do on Earth 3. Environmental conditions, species diversity, and population abundances in the past remained very similar to what is present now…arrow_forwardWhat kind of fossils were formed out of dinosaur remains and activities? Why do you say so? (Give three)arrow_forward
- Earth is about 4.5 billion years old. In order to characterize the events that happened in this very long time scale, scientists have developed the geologic time scale. Here, the age of Earth is divided into (1), which in turn divided into (2), and are further subdivided into (3). The geologic time scale is so-called since the different subdivisions are based on the fossil record.arrow_forwardAccording to "Homo naledi – New Questions on Human Evolution ", why was it significant that the bones were found to be articulated (their bones hadn’t separated from each other)? A.The individuals arrived in the cave either alive or shortly after the died. B.The individuals had decomposed outside of the cave, and other Homo naledi individuals put their skeletons together inside the cave. C.The bodies must have been placed in bags or coffins to keep the skeleton together as the body degraded. D.None of these are correctarrow_forwardSeven sauropod dinosaurs of the same species (Apatosaurus ajax) from the same population in Montana have neck lengths of 7.3, 8.0, 7.7, 7.8, 8.3, 8.4, 7.9, and 8.0 meters. A different population of the same species from Utah has neck lengths of 8.0, 8.3, 8.3, 8.8, 8.1, 9.0, and 9.3 meters. a) Calculate the mean, median and mode for each population. b) If wanted to compare data from the two populations, what type of graph would you choose and why?arrow_forward
- These are images of the Taung Child, an Australopithecus africanus fossil discovered in South Africa by Raymond Dart. a) Name two features that would have indicated to Dr. Dart that this fossil was very ape-like.b) Name two features that would have seemed very human-like to Dr. Dart. (First Picture is skull and second is Brain)arrow_forwardPlease answer allarrow_forwardImagine that you have the DNA sequences from the intron of a gene in three species called A, B, and C. Species A and B are most closely related, while C is more distantly related. The sequences of A and B differ by 18 base pairs, A and C differ by 26 base pairs, and B and C differ by 28 base pairs. Fossils show that species A and B diverged about 1.2 Mya, but there is no fossil evidence as to when the most recent common ancestor of all three species lived. (Draw a simple tree to help you think about the problem) Use the genetic data to estimate that date (most recent common ancestor). What assumptions are you making to get this estimate?arrow_forward
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