A water supply maintains a constant rate of flow for water in a hose. You want to change the opening of the nozzle so that water leaving the nozzle will reach a height that is four times the current maximum height the water reaches with the nozzle vertical. To do so, should you (a) decrease the area of the opening by a factor of 16, (b) decrease the area by a factor of 8, (c) decrease the area by a factor of 4, (d) decrease the area by a factor of 2, or (e) give up because it cannot be done?
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Chapter 15 Solutions
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- A garden hose with a diameter of 2.0 cm is used to fill a bucket, which has a volume of 0.10 cubic meters. It takes 1.2 minutes to fill. An adjustable nozzle is attached to the hose to decrease the diameter of the opening, which increases the speed of the water. The hose is held level to the ground at a height of 1.0 meters and the diameter is decreased until a flower bed 3.0 meters away is reached. (a) What is the volume flow rate of the through the nozzle when the diameter 2.0 cm? (b) What does is the speed of coming out of the hose? (c) What does the speed of the water coming out of the hose need to be to reach the flower bed 3.0 meters away? (d) What is be diameter of nozzle needed to reach be flower bed?arrow_forwardAn ideal fluid flows through a horizontal pipe whose diameter varies along its length. Measurements would indicate that the sum of the kinetic energy per unit volume and pressure at different sections of the pipe would (a) decrease as the pipe diameter increases, (b) increase as the pipe diameter increases, (c) increase as the pipe diameter decreases, (d) decrease as the pipe diameter decreases, or (e) remain the same as the pipe diameter changes.arrow_forwardReview. The tank in Figure P15.13 is filled with water of depth d = 2.00 m. At the bottom of one sidewall is a rectangular hatch of height h = 1.00 m and width w = 2.00 m that is hinged at the top of the hatch. (a) Determine the magnitude of the force the water exerts on the hatch. (b) Find the magnitude of the torque exerted by the water about the hinges.arrow_forward
- Review. In a water pistol, a piston drives water through a large tube of area A1 into a smaller tube of area A2 as shown in Figure P14.46. The radius of the large tube is 1.00 cm and that of the small tube is 1.00 mm. The smaller tube is 3.00 cm above the larger tube. (a) If the pistol is fired horizontally at a height of 1.50 m, determine the time interval required for the water to travel from the nozzle to the ground. Neglect air resistance and assume atmospheric pressure is 1.00 atm. (b) If the desired range of the stream is 8.00 m, with what speed v2 must the stream leave the nozzle? (c) At what speed v1 must the plunger be moved to achieve the desired range? (d) What is the pressure at the nozzle? (e) Find the pressure needed in the larger tube. (f) Calculate the force that must be exerted on the trigger to achieve the desired range. (The force that must be exerted is due to pressure over and above atmospheric pressure.) Figure P14.46arrow_forwardAn airplane is cruising at altitude 10 km. The pressure outside the craft is 0.287 atm; within the passenger compartment, the pressure is 1.00 atm and the temperature is 20C. A small leak occurs in one of the window seals in the passenger compartment. Model the air as an ideal fluid to estimate the speed of the airstream flowing through the leak.arrow_forwardA horizontal pipe 10.0 cm in diameter has a smooth reduction to a pipe 5.00 cm in diameter. If the pressure of the water in the larger pipe is 8.00 104 Pa and the pressure in the smaller pipe is 6.00 104 Pa, at what rate does water flow through the pipes?arrow_forward
- A large storage tank with an open top is filled to a height h0. The tank is punctured at a height h above the bottom of the tank (Fig. P15.39). Find an expression for how far from the tank the exiting stream lands. Figure P15.39arrow_forwardBird bones have air pockets to reduce their weight—this also gives them an average density significantly less than that of the bones of other animals. Suppose an ornithologist weighs a bird bone air and in water and finds its mass is 45.0 g ad its apparent mass when submerged is 3.60 g (assume the bone is watertight.)(a) What mass of is displaced? (b) What is the volume of the bone? (c) What is its average density?arrow_forwardFigure P15.52 shows a Venturi meter, which may be used to measure the speed of a fluid. It consists of a Venturi tube through which the fluid moves and a manometer used to measure the pressure difference between regions 1 and 2. The fluid of density tube moves from left to right in the Venturi tube. Its speed in region 1 is v1, and its speed in region 2 is v2. The necks cross-sectional area is A2, and the cross-sectional area of the rest of the tube is A1. The manometer contains a fluid of density mano. a. Do you expect the fluid to be higher on the left side or the right side of the manometer? b. The speed v2 of the fluid in the neck comes from measuring the difference between the heights (yR yL) of the fluid on the two sides of manometer. Derive an expression for v2 in terms of (yR yL), A1, A2, tube, and mano. FIGURE P15.52arrow_forward
- A tank with a flat bottom of area A and vertical sides is filled to a depth h with water. The pressure is P0 at the top surface. (a) What is the absolute pressure at the bottom of the tank? (b) Suppose an object of mass M and density less than the density of water is placed into the tank and floats. No water overflows. What is the resulting increase in pressure at the bottom of the tank?arrow_forwardWater flows through a fire hose of diameter 6.35 cm at a rate of 0.0120 m3/s. The fire hose ends in a nozzle of inner diameter 2.20 cm. What is the speed with which the water exits the nozzle?arrow_forwardA U-tube open at both ends is partially filled with water (Fig. P15.67a). Oil having a density 750 kg/m3 is then poured into the right arm and forms a column L = 5.00 cm high (Fig. P15.67b). (a) Determine the difference h in the heights of the two liquid surfaces. (b) The right arm is then shielded from any air motion while air is blown across the top of the left arm until the surfaces of the two liquids are at the same height (Fig. P15.67c). Determine the speed of the air being blown across the left arm. Take the density of air as constant at 1.20 kg/m3.arrow_forward
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