Chapter 15, Problem 15.70AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Example of unsaturated fatty acid with more than one $\text{C=C}$ double bond has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Fatty acid leads to formation of lipids and consists of a carboxyl group with long straight chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms. Long straight-chain can be saturated as well as unsaturated.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Example of wax with 12 carbon fatty acids has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Waxes are the type of nonpolar lipids that contain esters and are formed by the reaction of carboxylic acid with long chain alcohol by the removal of water. Generally, waxes are extracted from plants and animals

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An example of cephalin has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Cephalin is a phosphoacylglycerol that contains two fatty acids and a phosphate group to that alcohol is attached and an ester group is present in its structure. It is a hydrolyzable lipid. The general structure of cephalin is as follows:

Here, $\text{R}$ and ${\text{R}}^{\prime }$ are alkyl groups of fatty acids and ${\text{R}}^{″}$ is $-\text{O}-{\text{CH}}_2{\text{CH}}_2{\text{NH}}_3^{+}$.