
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The structure of 1,3-dichloropentane has to be drawn and the optical activity has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The structure of the compound is given by its systematic name.
To give the structure from the name of the compound, the root name has to be identified. The root name indicates the number of carbon atoms present in the longest chain.
Then the functional group (suffix) has to be identified. It indicates whether any
The prefix of the name indicates the branched groups and their positions on the carbon chain.
The name of the compound is in the form
Prefix + Root + Suffix
The isomers which are mirror images of each other and are non-superimposable are said to be optical isomers and the isomerism is said to be optical isomerism. The optical isomers are also called as enantiomers. The optical isomers which rotate the plane-polarized light are optically active.
The optical isomers are asymmetric and plane of symmetry will be absent. An organic molecule is said to be chiral when it is bonded to four different groups and is asymmetric. The carbon atom bonded to four different groups is said to be chiral carbon or asymmetric carbon. An organic compound is said to be optically active when it contains at least one chiral center.
(b)
Interpretation:
The structure of 3-chloro-2,2,5-trimethylhexane has to be drawn and the optical activity has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The structure of the compound is given by its systematic name.
To give the structure from the name of the compound, the root name has to be identified. The root name indicates the number of carbon atoms present in the longest chain.
Then the functional group (suffix) has to be identified. It indicates whether any functional groups are present in the compound, it also gives whether the compound is an alkane or alkene or alkyne.
The prefix of the name indicates the branched groups and their positions on the carbon chain.
The name of the compound is in the form
Prefix + Root + Suffix
The isomers which are mirror images of each other and are non-superimposable are said to be optical isomers and the isomerism is said to be optical isomerism. The optical isomers are also called as enantiomers. The optical isomers which rotate the plane-polarized light are optically active.
The optical isomers are asymmetric and plane of symmetry will be absent. An organic molecule is said to be chiral when it is bonded to four different groups and is asymmetric. The carbon atom bonded to four different groups is said to be chiral carbon or asymmetric carbon. An organic compound is said to be optically active when it contains at least one chiral center.
(c)
Interpretation:
The structure of 1-bromo-1-chlorobutane has to be drawn and the optical activity has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The structure of the compound is given by its systematic name.
To give the structure from the name of the compound, the root name has to be identified. The root name indicates the number of carbon atoms present in the longest chain.
Then the functional group (suffix) has to be identified. It indicates whether any functional groups are present in the compound, it also gives whether the compound is an alkane or alkene or alkyne.
The prefix of the name indicates the branched groups and their positions on the carbon chain.
The name of the compound is in the form
Prefix + Root + Suffix
The isomers which are mirror images of each other and are non-superimposable are said to be optical isomers and the isomerism is said to be optical isomerism. The optical isomers are also called as enantiomers. The optical isomers which rotate the plane-polarized light are optically active.
The optical isomers are asymmetric and plane of symmetry will be absent. An organic molecule is said to be chiral when it is bonded to four different groups and is asymmetric. The carbon atom bonded to four different groups is said to be chiral carbon or asymmetric carbon. An organic compound is said to be optically active when it contains at least one chiral center.

Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 15 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
- A mixture of C7H12O2, C9H9OCl, biphenyl and acetone was put together in a gas chromatography tube. Please decide from the GC resutls which correspond to the peak for C7,C9 and biphenyl and explain the reasoning based on GC results. Eliminate unnecessary peaks from Gas Chromatography results.arrow_forwardIs the molecule chiral, meso, or achiral? CI .CH3 H₂C CIarrow_forwardPLEASE HELP ! URGENT!arrow_forward
- Identify priority of the substituents: CH3arrow_forwardHow many chiral carbons are in the molecule? OH F CI Brarrow_forwardA mixture of three compounds Phen-A, Acet-B and Rin-C was analyzed using TLC with 1:9 ethanol: hexane as the mobile phase. The TLC plate showed three spots of R, 0.1 and 0.2 and 0.3. Which of the three compounds (Phen-A; Acet-B or Rin-C) would have the highest (Blank 1), middle (Blank 2) and lowest (Blank 3) spot respectively? 0 CH: 0 CH, 0 H.C OH H.CN OH Acet-B Rin-C phen-A A A <arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY





