The three stages of CRISPR/Cas response to viral infection. Introduction: Microbial cells have various systems to fight against viral infections. The examples of such defensive systems include restriction-modification (innate system) and CRISPR/Cas system (adaptive immune system). The genetic elements of the invading virus are used as a memory by the CRISPR/Cas system to prepare for a possible future attack.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 14.6, Problem 6CC

Summary Introduction

To describe: The three stages of CRISPR/Cas response to viral infection.

Introduction: Microbial cells have various systems to fight against viral infections. The examples of such defensive systems include restriction-modification (innate system) and CRISPR/Cas system (adaptive immune system). The genetic elements of the invading virus are used as a memory by the CRISPR/Cas system to prepare for a possible future attack.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The role of quorum sensing in the CRISPR/Cas system.

Introduction: Quorum sensing is a mechanism for gene regulation in bacteria. This mechanism is dependent upon the population density and the signal molecules. This mechanism was first observed by a microbiologist Alexander Tomasz in the mid-1960s.

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19. On the diagram below a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA. b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing. c. Add the following details to the diagram. Promoter region TATA box Transcription start site Transcription terminator Intron (A,B,C,D) Exons (1,2,3,4,5) Splice sites 5' cap 5' UTR (untranslated region) 3' poly A tail 3' UTR (untranslated region) Translational start (AUG) Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA) N and C ends of polypeptide 0000

Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter labels are not used. MNNNNNNIN M C B A M D F E H K G 8

The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions. 1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction? 2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe: a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why? b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for? 3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale. 4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale. Mutation 1 Mutation 2

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 14.6, Problem 6CC

Summary Introduction

To describe: The three stages of CRISPR/Cas response to viral infection.

Introduction: Microbial cells have various systems to fight against viral infections. The examples of such defensive systems include restriction-modification (innate system) and CRISPR/Cas system (adaptive immune system). The genetic elements of the invading virus are used as a memory by the CRISPR/Cas system to prepare for a possible future attack.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The role of quorum sensing in the CRISPR/Cas system.

Introduction: Quorum sensing is a mechanism for gene regulation in bacteria. This mechanism is dependent upon the population density and the signal molecules. This mechanism was first observed by a microbiologist Alexander Tomasz in the mid-1960s.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 14.6, Problem 6CC

Summary Introduction

To describe: The three stages of CRISPR/Cas response to viral infection.

Introduction: Microbial cells have various systems to fight against viral infections. The examples of such defensive systems include restriction-modification (innate system) and CRISPR/Cas system (adaptive immune system). The genetic elements of the invading virus are used as a memory by the CRISPR/Cas system to prepare for a possible future attack.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The role of quorum sensing in the CRISPR/Cas system.

Introduction: Quorum sensing is a mechanism for gene regulation in bacteria. This mechanism is dependent upon the population density and the signal molecules. This mechanism was first observed by a microbiologist Alexander Tomasz in the mid-1960s.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 14.6, Problem 6CC

Summary Introduction

To describe: The three stages of CRISPR/Cas response to viral infection.

Introduction: Microbial cells have various systems to fight against viral infections. The examples of such defensive systems include restriction-modification (innate system) and CRISPR/Cas system (adaptive immune system). The genetic elements of the invading virus are used as a memory by the CRISPR/Cas system to prepare for a possible future attack.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The role of quorum sensing in the CRISPR/Cas system.

Introduction: Quorum sensing is a mechanism for gene regulation in bacteria. This mechanism is dependent upon the population density and the signal molecules. This mechanism was first observed by a microbiologist Alexander Tomasz in the mid-1960s.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 14.6, Problem 6CC

Summary Introduction

To describe: The three stages of CRISPR/Cas response to viral infection.

Introduction: Microbial cells have various systems to fight against viral infections. The examples of such defensive systems include restriction-modification (innate system) and CRISPR/Cas system (adaptive immune system). The genetic elements of the invading virus are used as a memory by the CRISPR/Cas system to prepare for a possible future attack.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The role of quorum sensing in the CRISPR/Cas system.

Introduction: Quorum sensing is a mechanism for gene regulation in bacteria. This mechanism is dependent upon the population density and the signal molecules. This mechanism was first observed by a microbiologist Alexander Tomasz in the mid-1960s.

Answer 6

Chapter 14.6, Problem 6CC

Summary Introduction

To describe: The three stages of CRISPR/Cas response to viral infection.

Introduction: Microbial cells have various systems to fight against viral infections. The examples of such defensive systems include restriction-modification (innate system) and CRISPR/Cas system (adaptive immune system). The genetic elements of the invading virus are used as a memory by the CRISPR/Cas system to prepare for a possible future attack.

Answer 7

Chapter 14.6, Problem 6CC

Summary Introduction

To describe: The three stages of CRISPR/Cas response to viral infection.

Introduction: Microbial cells have various systems to fight against viral infections. The examples of such defensive systems include restriction-modification (innate system) and CRISPR/Cas system (adaptive immune system). The genetic elements of the invading virus are used as a memory by the CRISPR/Cas system to prepare for a possible future attack.

Answer 8

Summary Introduction

To explain: The role of quorum sensing in the CRISPR/Cas system.

Introduction: Quorum sensing is a mechanism for gene regulation in bacteria. This mechanism is dependent upon the population density and the signal molecules. This mechanism was first observed by a microbiologist Alexander Tomasz in the mid-1960s.

Answer 9

Summary Introduction

To explain: The role of quorum sensing in the CRISPR/Cas system.

Introduction: Quorum sensing is a mechanism for gene regulation in bacteria. This mechanism is dependent upon the population density and the signal molecules. This mechanism was first observed by a microbiologist Alexander Tomasz in the mid-1960s.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 14.2 - MICRO INQUIRY In what way is on inducer molecule...Ch. 14.2 - MICRO INQUIRY Is allolactose a corepressor or...Ch. 14.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Many genes and operons are...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 14.3 - MICRO INQUIRY How does this attenuation respond to...Ch. 14.4 - MICRO INQUIRY How does inhibition of translation...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 3CC

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