The mechanisms often used to regulate enzyme activity. Introduction: The enzymes are catalysts made up of proteins that catalyze a specific reaction. A catalyst is a substance that usually increases the rate of the reaction without getting altered. The molecules which are acted by enzymes are substrates, and the substances formed are known as products.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The mechanisms often used to regulate enzyme activity.

Introduction: The enzymes are catalysts made up of proteins that catalyze a specific reaction. A catalyst is a substance that usually increases the rate of the reaction without getting altered. The molecules which are acted by enzymes are substrates, and the substances formed are known as products.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The enzyme activity must be regulated to maintain balance among various cellular components. The microbes thrive in different environmental conditions, so they have to monitor their external and internal environment. The metabolic pathways are regulated in three ways:

Metabolic channeling: The metabolic channeling plays a vital role in the regulation of the activity of the enzyme by localizing the metabolites and their enzymes in different parts of the cells. Example: compartmentation
Regulation of synthesis of a particular enzyme: By changing the rate of transcription or translation, which in turn controls the amount of enzyme.
Posttranslational regulation: It means directly controlling the activity of the enzyme through inhibition and stimulation. Some examples are allosteric regulation, covalent modification, and more.

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19. On the diagram below a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA. b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing. c. Add the following details to the diagram. Promoter region TATA box Transcription start site Transcription terminator Intron (A,B,C,D) Exons (1,2,3,4,5) Splice sites 5' cap 5' UTR (untranslated region) 3' poly A tail 3' UTR (untranslated region) Translational start (AUG) Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA) N and C ends of polypeptide 0000

Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter labels are not used. MNNNNNNIN M C B A M D F E H K G 8

The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions. 1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction? 2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe: a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why? b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for? 3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale. 4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale. Mutation 1 Mutation 2

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The mechanisms often used to regulate enzyme activity.

Introduction: The enzymes are catalysts made up of proteins that catalyze a specific reaction. A catalyst is a substance that usually increases the rate of the reaction without getting altered. The molecules which are acted by enzymes are substrates, and the substances formed are known as products.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The enzyme activity must be regulated to maintain balance among various cellular components. The microbes thrive in different environmental conditions, so they have to monitor their external and internal environment. The metabolic pathways are regulated in three ways:

Metabolic channeling: The metabolic channeling plays a vital role in the regulation of the activity of the enzyme by localizing the metabolites and their enzymes in different parts of the cells. Example: compartmentation
Regulation of synthesis of a particular enzyme: By changing the rate of transcription or translation, which in turn controls the amount of enzyme.
Posttranslational regulation: It means directly controlling the activity of the enzyme through inhibition and stimulation. Some examples are allosteric regulation, covalent modification, and more.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The mechanisms often used to regulate enzyme activity.

Introduction: The enzymes are catalysts made up of proteins that catalyze a specific reaction. A catalyst is a substance that usually increases the rate of the reaction without getting altered. The molecules which are acted by enzymes are substrates, and the substances formed are known as products.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The enzyme activity must be regulated to maintain balance among various cellular components. The microbes thrive in different environmental conditions, so they have to monitor their external and internal environment. The metabolic pathways are regulated in three ways:

Metabolic channeling: The metabolic channeling plays a vital role in the regulation of the activity of the enzyme by localizing the metabolites and their enzymes in different parts of the cells. Example: compartmentation
Regulation of synthesis of a particular enzyme: By changing the rate of transcription or translation, which in turn controls the amount of enzyme.
Posttranslational regulation: It means directly controlling the activity of the enzyme through inhibition and stimulation. Some examples are allosteric regulation, covalent modification, and more.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The mechanisms often used to regulate enzyme activity.

Introduction: The enzymes are catalysts made up of proteins that catalyze a specific reaction. A catalyst is a substance that usually increases the rate of the reaction without getting altered. The molecules which are acted by enzymes are substrates, and the substances formed are known as products.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The enzyme activity must be regulated to maintain balance among various cellular components. The microbes thrive in different environmental conditions, so they have to monitor their external and internal environment. The metabolic pathways are regulated in three ways:

Metabolic channeling: The metabolic channeling plays a vital role in the regulation of the activity of the enzyme by localizing the metabolites and their enzymes in different parts of the cells. Example: compartmentation
Regulation of synthesis of a particular enzyme: By changing the rate of transcription or translation, which in turn controls the amount of enzyme.
Posttranslational regulation: It means directly controlling the activity of the enzyme through inhibition and stimulation. Some examples are allosteric regulation, covalent modification, and more.

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The mechanisms often used to regulate enzyme activity.

Introduction: The enzymes are catalysts made up of proteins that catalyze a specific reaction. A catalyst is a substance that usually increases the rate of the reaction without getting altered. The molecules which are acted by enzymes are substrates, and the substances formed are known as products.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The enzyme activity must be regulated to maintain balance among various cellular components. The microbes thrive in different environmental conditions, so they have to monitor their external and internal environment. The metabolic pathways are regulated in three ways:

Metabolic channeling: The metabolic channeling plays a vital role in the regulation of the activity of the enzyme by localizing the metabolites and their enzymes in different parts of the cells. Example: compartmentation
Regulation of synthesis of a particular enzyme: By changing the rate of transcription or translation, which in turn controls the amount of enzyme.
Posttranslational regulation: It means directly controlling the activity of the enzyme through inhibition and stimulation. Some examples are allosteric regulation, covalent modification, and more.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The mechanisms often used to regulate enzyme activity.

Introduction: The enzymes are catalysts made up of proteins that catalyze a specific reaction. A catalyst is a substance that usually increases the rate of the reaction without getting altered. The molecules which are acted by enzymes are substrates, and the substances formed are known as products.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The enzyme activity must be regulated to maintain balance among various cellular components. The microbes thrive in different environmental conditions, so they have to monitor their external and internal environment. The metabolic pathways are regulated in three ways:

Metabolic channeling: The metabolic channeling plays a vital role in the regulation of the activity of the enzyme by localizing the metabolites and their enzymes in different parts of the cells. Example: compartmentation
Regulation of synthesis of a particular enzyme: By changing the rate of transcription or translation, which in turn controls the amount of enzyme.
Posttranslational regulation: It means directly controlling the activity of the enzyme through inhibition and stimulation. Some examples are allosteric regulation, covalent modification, and more.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The mechanisms often used to regulate enzyme activity.

Introduction: The enzymes are catalysts made up of proteins that catalyze a specific reaction. A catalyst is a substance that usually increases the rate of the reaction without getting altered. The molecules which are acted by enzymes are substrates, and the substances formed are known as products.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The enzyme activity must be regulated to maintain balance among various cellular components. The microbes thrive in different environmental conditions, so they have to monitor their external and internal environment. The metabolic pathways are regulated in three ways:

Metabolic channeling: The metabolic channeling plays a vital role in the regulation of the activity of the enzyme by localizing the metabolites and their enzymes in different parts of the cells. Example: compartmentation
Regulation of synthesis of a particular enzyme: By changing the rate of transcription or translation, which in turn controls the amount of enzyme.
Posttranslational regulation: It means directly controlling the activity of the enzyme through inhibition and stimulation. Some examples are allosteric regulation, covalent modification, and more.

Answer 9

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

Ch. 14.2 - MICRO INQUIRY In what way is on inducer molecule...Ch. 14.2 - MICRO INQUIRY Is allolactose a corepressor or...Ch. 14.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Many genes and operons are...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 14.3 - MICRO INQUIRY How does this attenuation respond to...Ch. 14.4 - MICRO INQUIRY How does inhibition of translation...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 3CC

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