Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780078021527
Author: Julia Burdge
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 14, Problem 43QP
The rate constants of some reactions double with every
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Give the major organic product(s) of each of the following reactions or sequences of reactions. Show all
relevant stereochemistry. [two only]
CH3O
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HC-C-C-CH3
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CH3
12. NaOH
Diethyl malonate can be prepared by the following reaction sequence. Draw the structures of each of the
missing intermediates in the boxes provided.
17
1. Br PBr
H&C
OH 2 H₂O
CH3CH₂OH
На
NaCN
H₂SO4
NC.
CH CH₂OH
на
H₂O, heat
CH₂
OCHCH3
ཝསི། ཡིཀྑཱམུདྡྷནྟ
CH₂
OEt
The reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of acid is termed Fischer esterification.
OH + CH₂OH
На
B C
A. The nucleophile in this reaction is
B. Compound C functions as
a.
a base scavenger
b.
a solvent
C.
a catalyst
d.
a neutralizer
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Chemistry
Ch. 14.1 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT
Write the rate...Ch. 14.1 - Practice ProblemBUILD Write the balanced equation...Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 14.1 - 14.1.1 Which expressions are correct for the rate...Ch. 14.1 - 14.1.2 In the same reaction:
if the concentration...Ch. 14.2 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT Consider the reaction:...Ch. 14.2 - Practice Problem BUILD Consider the following...Ch. 14.2 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE
Consider the...Ch. 14.2 - Answer questions 14.2.1 through 14.2.4 using the...Ch. 14.2 - Answer questions 14.2.1 through 14.2.4 using the...
Ch. 14.2 - Answer questions 14.2.1 through 14.2.4 using the...Ch. 14.2 - Answer questions 14.2.1 through 14.2.4 using the...Ch. 14.2 - 14.2.5 The diagrams represent three experiments in...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 1PPACh. 14.3 - Practice Problem BUILD
For the following general...Ch. 14.3 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE
Three initial-rate...Ch. 14.3 - The first-order decomposition of dinitrogen...Ch. 14.3 - The first-order decomposition of dinitrogen...Ch. 14.3 - 14.3.3 Consider the first-order reaction in which...Ch. 14.3 - Which figure below represents the numbers of...Ch. 14.3 - 14.3.5 Of the plots shown here, ___________...Ch. 14.4 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT
The rate constant for the...Ch. 14.4 - Practice Problem BUILD
Refer again to the reaction...Ch. 14.4 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE
The diagrams on...Ch. 14.4 - Use the table of data collected for a first-order...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 2CPCh. 14.4 - Prob. 3CPCh. 14.5 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT Ethyl iodide ( C 2 H 5 I)...Ch. 14.5 - Practice Problem BUILD Use the calculated k from...Ch. 14.5 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE
Use the graph in...Ch. 14.5 - Use the following information to answer questions...Ch. 14.5 - Use the following information to answer questions...Ch. 14.5 - Use the following information to answer questions...Ch. 14.5 - 14.5.4 A plausible mechanism for the reaction:
Ch. 14.6 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Calculate the half-life of...Ch. 14.6 - Practice ProblemBUILD Calculate the rate constant...Ch. 14.6 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE
The diagrams show a...Ch. 14.7 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT
The reaction is second...Ch. 14.7 - Practice Problem BUILD
Determine the initial...Ch. 14.7 - Practice ProblemCONCEPTUALIZE The diagrams below...Ch. 14.8 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT The second-order rate...Ch. 14.8 - Practice Problem BUILD Use the graph to determine...Ch. 14.8 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 14.9 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Use the data in the...Ch. 14.9 - Practice ProblemBUILD Based on the data shown in...Ch. 14.9 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE
According to the...Ch. 14.10 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Calculate the rate...Ch. 14.10 - Practice ProblemBUILD Calculate the rate constant...Ch. 14.10 - Practice ProblemCONCEPTUALIZE According to the...Ch. 14.11 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT
The reaction between and...Ch. 14.11 - Practice ProblemBUILD Propose a plausible...Ch. 14.11 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE
How many steps are...Ch. 14.12 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT
Show that the following...Ch. 14.12 - Practice Problem BUILD
The reaction proceeds via...Ch. 14.12 - Practice Problem CONCEPTUALIZE
The reaction of is...Ch. 14 - Prob. 1KSPCh. 14 - Prob. 2KSPCh. 14 - Prob. 3KSPCh. 14 - Prob. 4KSPCh. 14 - 14.1 What is meant by the rate of a chemical...Ch. 14 - Distinguish between average rate and instantaneous...Ch. 14 - What are the advantages of measuring the initial...Ch. 14 - Identify two reactions that are very slow (take...Ch. 14 - Write the reaction rate expressions for the...Ch. 14 - Write the reaction rate expressions for the...Ch. 14 - Consider the reaction: 2NO ( g ) + O 2 ( g ) → 2NO...Ch. 14 - 14.8 Consider the reaction:
Suppose that at a...Ch. 14 - 14.9 Explain what is meant by the rate law of a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 10QPCh. 14 - What are the units for the rate constants of...Ch. 14 - 14.12 Consider the zeroth-order reaction: a ...Ch. 14 - 14.13 The rate constant of a first-order reaction...Ch. 14 - Identify two reactions that are very slow (take...Ch. 14 - The rate law for the reaction: N H 4 + ( a q )+N O...Ch. 14 - Use the data in Table 14.2 to calculate the rate...Ch. 14 - 14.17 Consider the reaction:
From the following...Ch. 14 - Consider the reaction: X + Y → Z From the...Ch. 14 - Determine the overall orders of the reactions to...Ch. 14 - 14.20 Consider the reaction:
The rate of the...Ch. 14 - Cyclobutane decomposes to ethylene according to...Ch. 14 - The following gas-phase reaction was studied at...Ch. 14 - Write an equation relating the concentration of a...Ch. 14 - 14.24 Define half-life. Write the equation...Ch. 14 - Prob. 25QPCh. 14 - 14.26 For a first-order reaction, how long will it...Ch. 14 - What is the half-life of a compound if 75 percent...Ch. 14 - 14.28 The thermal decomposition of phosphine into...Ch. 14 - The rate constant for the second-order reaction:...Ch. 14 - The rate constant for the second-order reaction:...Ch. 14 - 14.31 The second-order rate constant for the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 32QPCh. 14 - 14.33 The reaction shown here follows first-order...Ch. 14 - 14 34 Define activation energy. What role does...Ch. 14 - Prob. 35QPCh. 14 - Prob. 36QPCh. 14 - The burning of methane in oxygen is a highly...Ch. 14 - Sketch a potential-energy versus reaction progress...Ch. 14 - The reaction H+H 2 → H 2 +H has been studied for...Ch. 14 - Over the range of about ±3°C from normal body...Ch. 14 - For the reaction: NO ( g ) + O 3 ( g ) → NO 2 ( g...Ch. 14 - The rate constant of a first-order reaction is 4...Ch. 14 - The rate constants of some reactions double with...Ch. 14 - 14.44 The rate at which tree crickets chirp is ...Ch. 14 - The rate of bacterial hydrolysis of fish muscle is...Ch. 14 - Prob. 46QPCh. 14 - Given the same reactant concentrations, the...Ch. 14 - 14.48 Variation of the rate constant with...Ch. 14 - 14.49 Diagram A describes the initial state of...Ch. 14 - 14 50 What do we mean by the mechanism of a...Ch. 14 - 14.51 What is an elementary step? What is the...Ch. 14 - 14.52 Classify the following elementary reactions...Ch. 14 - Reactions can be classified as unimolecular,...Ch. 14 - Determine the molecularity, and write the rate law...Ch. 14 - 14.55 What is the rate-determining step of a...Ch. 14 - 14.56 The equation for the combustion of ethane ...Ch. 14 - Specify which of the following species cannot be...Ch. 14 - Classify each of the following elementary steps as...Ch. 14 - 14.59 The rate law for the reaction:
is given by...Ch. 14 - For the reaction x 2 + y + z → x y + x z , it is...Ch. 14 - The rate law for the reaction: 2H 2 ( g ) + 2NO (...Ch. 14 - 14.62 The rate law for the decomposition of ozone...Ch. 14 - 14.63 How does a catalyst increase the rate of a...Ch. 14 - 14.64 What are the characteristics of a...Ch. 14 - A certain reaction is known to proceed slowly at...Ch. 14 - Most reactions, including enzyme-catalyzed...Ch. 14 - 14.67 Are enzyme-catalyzed reactions examples of...Ch. 14 - The concentrations of enzymes in cells are usually...Ch. 14 - When fruits such as apples and pears are cut. the...Ch. 14 - The first-order rate constant for the dehydration...Ch. 14 - Which two potential-energy profiles represent the...Ch. 14 - Consider the following mechanism for the...Ch. 14 - List four factors that influence the rate of a...Ch. 14 - 14.71 Suggest experimental means by which the...Ch. 14 - 14.75 “The rate constant for the reaction:
is .”...Ch. 14 - Prob. 76APCh. 14 - The following diagrams represent the progress of...Ch. 14 - The following diagrams show the progress of the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 79APCh. 14 - Prob. 80APCh. 14 - 14.81 When methyl phosphate is heated in acid...Ch. 14 - The rate of the reaction: CH 3 COOC 2 H 5 ( a q )...Ch. 14 - Explain why most metals used in catalysis are...Ch. 14 - Prob. 84APCh. 14 - The bromination of acetone is acid-catalyzed: CH 3...Ch. 14 - The decomposition of N 2 O to N 2 and O 2 is a...Ch. 14 - 14.87 The reaction proceeds slowly in aqueous...Ch. 14 - Prob. 88APCh. 14 - The integrated rate law for the zeroth-order...Ch. 14 - 14.90 A flask contains a mixture of compounds A...Ch. 14 - Prob. 91APCh. 14 - 14.92 The rate law for the reaction . Which of the...Ch. 14 - 14.93 The reaction of to form 2EG is exothermic,...Ch. 14 - 14.94 The activation energy for the decomposition...Ch. 14 - Prob. 95APCh. 14 - 14.96 When 6 g of granulated Zn is added to a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 97APCh. 14 - 14.98 A certain first-order reaction is 35.5...Ch. 14 - 14.99 The decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide...Ch. 14 - 14.100 The thermal decomposition of obeys...Ch. 14 - 14.101 When a mixture of methane and bromine is...Ch. 14 - 14.102 The rate of the reaction between to form...Ch. 14 - The rate constant for the gaseous reaction: H 2 (...Ch. 14 - A gas mixture containing CH 3 fragments. C 2 H 6...Ch. 14 - Consider the following elementary step: X + 2Y →...Ch. 14 - 14.106 The following scheme in which A is...Ch. 14 - 14.107 (a) Consider two reactions, A and B. If the...Ch. 14 - The rate law for the following reaction: CO ( g )...Ch. 14 - Consider the following elementary steps for a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 110APCh. 14 - Consider the following potential-energy profile...Ch. 14 - The rate of a reaction was followed by the...Ch. 14 - 14.113 The first-order rate constant for the...Ch. 14 - 14.114 Many reactions involving heterogeneous...Ch. 14 - Thallium(I) is oxidized by cerium(IV) as follows:...Ch. 14 - The activation energy for the reaction: N 2 O ( g...Ch. 14 - Δ H ° for the reaction in Problem 14.116 is -164...Ch. 14 - 14.118 At a certain elevated temperature, ammonia...Ch. 14 - 14.119 The following expression shows the...Ch. 14 - In a certain industrial process involving a...Ch. 14 - Strontium-90, a radioactive isotope, is a major...Ch. 14 - Prob. 122APCh. 14 - Prob. 123APCh. 14 - A factory that specializes in the refinement of...Ch. 14 - 14.125 When the concentration of A in the reaction...Ch. 14 - 14.126 The activity of a radioactive sample is the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 127APCh. 14 - Prob. 128APCh. 14 - Prob. 129APCh. 14 - Prob. 130APCh. 14 - Prob. 131APCh. 14 - Prob. 132APCh. 14 - Prob. 133APCh. 14 - 14.134 At a certain elevated temperature, ammonia...Ch. 14 - Polyethylene is used in many items, including...Ch. 14 - In recent years, ozone in the stratosphere has...Ch. 14 - Metastron, an aqueous solution of 89 SrCl 2 , is a...Ch. 14 - Metastron, an aqueous solution of 89 SrCl 2 , is a...Ch. 14 - Metastron, an aqueous solution of 89 SrCl 2 , is a...Ch. 14 - Metastron, an aqueous solution of 89 SrCl 2 , is a...
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