Interpretation: The atoms in addition to hydrogen which are necessary for hydrogen bonding needs to be explained. The contribution of small size of hydrogen atom to the unusual strength of dipole-dipole forces involved in hydrogen bonding needs to be explained.
Concept introduction: The hydrogen bond may be defined as strong dipole-dipole forces of attraction that operates between a hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to an atom of high electronegativity.
Answer to Problem 3A
Fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen in addition to hydrogen is needed for hydrogen bonding.
Explanation of Solution
The covalent bond between hydrogen and an electronegative element is considerably polar because the electronegative atom attracts the bonding electron towards itself. The partial positive charge on hydrogen attracts the partial negative charge of an electronegative atom forming what is called hydrogen bonding.
Due the very small size of the hydrogen atom the dipoles can approach each other closely which increases the strength of hydrogen bonding. Atoms bigger in size can disrupt the hydrogen bonding because it will find difficulty in coming closer to each other.
Fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen in addition to hydrogen needed for hydrogen bonding.
Chapter 14 Solutions
World of Chemistry
- Three pure compounds are formed when 1.00 g samples of element x combine with, respectively, 0.472 g, 0.630 g, and 0.789 g of element z. The first compound has the formula x2Z3. find the empricial formula of the other two compoundsarrow_forwardDraw the product and the mechanism A. excess H*; 人 OH H*; B. C. D. excess OH ✓ OH H*; H₂O 1. LDA 2. H*arrow_forwardIn reactions whose kinetic equation is v = k[A]m, the rate coefficient k is always positive. Is this correct?arrow_forward
- If the concentration of A decreases exponentially with time, what is the rate equation? (A). -d[A] (B). dt d[A] = k[A] e-kt dtarrow_forwardGiven the first-order reaction: aA → products. State its kinetic equation.arrow_forwardDetermine the symmetry of the combination of atomic orbitals for bf 4-arrow_forward
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY