Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 2CYR
Fill in the blanks: The sympathetic nervous system is also known as the ______division because the cell bodies of its preganglionic neurons are located in the __________.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Classify the following characteristics to demonstrate your knowledge of differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic
divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
Sympathetic Nervous System
Most ganglia lie close to the
spinal cord and form two chains
of ganglia-one on each side of
the spinal cord
Increases intestinal motility
and stimulates intestinal
secretion
Postganglionic axons are
generally short
Preganglionic axons are
generally short
Postganglionic axons release
NE that binds to adrenergic
receptors located on the
effectors
Decreases heart rate,
contractility, and conduction
velocity
Ganglia lie within, or very
close to, innervated organs
Decreases intestinal motility
and inhibits intestinal
secretion
Long preganglionic axons
release ACh that binds to
nicotinic receptors located within
the ganglia
Neurons leave the CNS from
the thoracic and lumbar
regions of the spinal cord
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Generalized activation is
called the fight-or-flight
response…
The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all autonomic ganglia and postganglionic neurons, but not to any preganglionic neurons, is the _____.
All of the following are functions of the parasympathetic division of the nervous system EXCEPT ________.
constricting smooth muscles around arteries to raise blood pressure for exercise
causing the secretion of saliva
preparing the body for sexual activity
increasing peristalsis in the GI tract
Chapter 14 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 14.1 - What are the basic functions of the ANS?Ch. 14.1 - 2. What are autonomic ganglia?
Ch. 14.1 - How do somatic motor neurons and autonomic neurons...Ch. 14.1 - 4. What are preganglionic and postganglionic...Ch. 14.1 - What are the two divisions of the ANS?Ch. 14.1 - How are the two divisions of the ANS alike, and...Ch. 14.2 - 1. Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic...Ch. 14.2 - Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic...Ch. 14.2 - Which neurotransmitter(s) is (are) released by...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 4QC
Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 5QCCh. 14.2 - Describe the effects of the sympathetic nervous...Ch. 14.3 - What is the basic function of the parasympathetic...Ch. 14.3 - Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic cell...Ch. 14.3 - How does the arrangement of neurons in the...Ch. 14.3 - 4. Which neurotransmitter is released by all...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 5QCCh. 14.3 - Prob. 6QCCh. 14.3 - Summarize the effects of the parasympathetic...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 1QCCh. 14.4 - Prob. 2QCCh. 14.4 - 3. What is autonomic tone?
Ch. 14.4 - How does the CNS mediate control over the ANS?Ch. 14 - Which of the following best describes the basic...Ch. 14 - 2. Fill in the blanks: The sympathetic nervous...Ch. 14 - 3. Sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse:
a....Ch. 14 - Differentiate between adrenergic and cholinergic...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5CYRCh. 14 - Explain what happens when sympathetic neurons...Ch. 14 - Prob. 7CYRCh. 14 - Mark each of the following as an effect of the...Ch. 14 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 14 - 10. Fill in the blanks: _______receptors are...Ch. 14 - Parasympathetic ganglia are typically: a. located...Ch. 14 - Central nervous system control over the ANS is...Ch. 14 - 1. Using 20 or fewer words, define each of the...Ch. 14 - You are running a race to the top of a mountain....Ch. 14 - 3. Describe all the changes initiated by the...Ch. 14 - 1. Which cranial nerves would be affected by a...Ch. 14 - 2. A patient, Dr. Young, has both asthma and high...Ch. 14 - Mr. Chevalier has been diagnosed with Horner...Ch. 14 - Many chemical warfare agents, such as the...
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- CNS blood vessels are ___________ by neurons releasing __________ and __________ releasing prostaglandins. constricted, nitric oxide, neurons dilated, nitric oxide, astrocytes strengthened, growth factor, microglia strengthened, nitric oxide, oligodendrocytesarrow_forwardIn the sympathetic division of the autonomic system: preganglionic neurons originate in the thoracolumbar segments of the cord the preganglionic neurons are unmyelinated the preganglionic neurons are long the neurotransmitter released by the preganglionic neurons is norepinephrinearrow_forwardThis assignment is designed to get you thinking about the functions of some of the structures in the central and peripheral nervous system. Listed below are different symptoms or complications that can be attributed to something from the nervous system. List the specific structure that is most likely the root cause of the pathology. In addition, label which branch of the nervous system that structure is a part of (CNS or PNS). I suggest making a table with the pathology in one column, the affected structure in the next column, and the nervous system section in the final column. Two examples are below. It is possible that more than one answer could be correct. Pathology/Patient Specific Structure CNS or PNS? John’s eyes and optic nerve are in optimal condition, but he is still classified as legally blind. Primary Visual Cortex CNS Although Meredith is the CEO of Yankee Candle, she cannot smell a thing. She has no history of allergies and tested negative for COVID.…arrow_forward
- Which of the following is not a ganglion found in the sympathetic nervous system. Question options: A adrenal medullae B sympathetic chain ganglia C collateral ganglia D celiac ganglionarrow_forwardall of the following apply to the autonomic nervous system except it operates on an involuntary basis it consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions it does not include cranial nerves it is composed of preganglionic and postganglionic neuronsarrow_forwardFor each of the following terms or phrases, write either S (for sympathetic) or P (for parasympathetic) division of the autonomic nervous system.__(1) short preganglionic axons, long postganglionic axons__(2) intramural ganglia__(3) craniosacral outflow __(4) adrenergic fibers __(5) cervical ganglia of the sympathetic trunk __(6) otic and ciliary ganglia __(7) more widespread response __(8) increases heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure __(9) increases motility of stomach and secretion of lacrimal and salivary glands __(10) innervates blood vessels __(11) most active when you are lolling in a hammock __(12) most active when you are running in the Boston Marathon __(13) gray rami communicantes __(14) synapse in celiac ganglion __(15) relates to fear response induced by the amygdaloid bodyarrow_forward
- In the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system: Select one: The ratio between the number of postganglionic and preganglionic neurons is small. A single preganglionic neuron usually synapses with a single postganglionic neuron. An important functional characteristic is convergence of the preganglionic fibers. Preganglionic fibers are usually much longer than the postganglionic fibers. Activity of the neurons tends to have a more generalized and widespread effect on the body.arrow_forwardAlpha2 receptors are found on _____________ neurons and mostly for modulation of the synapse. Question options: A preganglionic B postganglionicarrow_forwardAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM STRUCTURE FUNCTION(S)/CHARACTERISTIC(S) SYMPATHETIC DIVISION 1 Preganglionic neuron 2 Postganglionic neuron 3 Gray horns of the spinal cord 4 Dorsal Roots of the spinal cord 5 Ventral Roots of the spinal cord 6 Dorsal Rami 7 Ventral Rami 8 White ramus communicans 9 Gray ramus communicans 10 Sympathetic trunk ganglion (Paravertebral ganglia) 11 Superior cervical ganglion 12 Middle cervical ganglion 13 Inferior cervical ganglion 14 14a 14b 14c Prevertebral ganglia Celiac ganglion Superior mesenteric ganglion Inferior mesenteric ganglion PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION 15 Preganglionic neuron 16 Postganglionic neuron 17 CN III Oculomotor nerve 18 CN VII Facial nerve…arrow_forward
- Discuss the difference between pre and postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic systemarrow_forwardWhich sentence is accurate? Postganglionic and preganglionic fibers located in the sympathetic division are the same length. Postganglionic and preganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic are the same length. Postganglionic fibers are known to be shorter than preganglionic fibers in the sympathetic division. Postganglionic fibers are known to be shorter than preganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic division.arrow_forwardPlease explain what cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is, how it is made (structures involved); and discuss its complete circulation. EXPLANATION ADDRESSING THE QUESTION ABOVE Cerebral spinal fluid is a fluid that cushions the central nervous system and provides buoyancy to and helps nourish the brain. It circulates around the surface of the brain, interior ventricles, and surface of the spinal cord and central canal of the spinal cord. CSF is created by the ependymal cells in the choroid plexus and ventricles of the brain. CSF is made up mostly of water and also includes ions, nutrients like vitamin c and protein, and can pick up waste as it circulates. CSF circulation starts in the lateral ventricle where the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle creates or secretes the CSF. The CSF then flows through the ventricular foramen into the third ventricle. At the third ventricle, the CSF then flows through the cerebral aqueduct into the fourth ventricle. Then, the CSF exits the fourth…arrow_forward
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