Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 1AYKB
Many chemical warfare agents, such as the poisonous gas sarin, block the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft. What effects will this poison have on muscle contraction? (Connects toChapter 10) What effects will it have on the autonomic nervous system? What symptoms would you expect to see from this poison?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following statements regarding the motor end plate in the somatic motor division of the nervous system is true?
After the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels, the neuron releases ACh onto the muscarinic receptors on the surface of the highly folded area of the muscle fibre.
The preganglionic nerve fibre releases ACh onto the postganglionic nerve fibre, which then releases ACh onto the cholinergic receptors of the motor end plate.
Chemically gated monovalent cation channels on the motor end plate are activated once the motor neuron releases ACh onto the nicotinic receptors on the surface of the muscle cell.
The AChE enzyme enhances the amount of ACh released into the neuromuscular junction
The spinal cord has the motor neurons that control muscle. But who controls those motor neurons? Neurons in the
motor cortex control them. There are also other groups of neurons that can command spinal motoneurons. For
example, when it comes to controlling our balance and posture, cells from
Ventricular Nucleus
descend onto spinal motoneurons to control them.
They form a tract within the ventromedial pathway called
vestibulospinal track
γ-motor neuron discharge to a muscle is inhibited by impulses reaching the γ-motor neurons from all the following source, except :-a- Golgi tendon organs of the same muscleb- spindles of antagonistic musclesc- medullary reticular formationd- pontine reticular formation
Chapter 14 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 14.1 - What are the basic functions of the ANS?Ch. 14.1 - 2. What are autonomic ganglia?
Ch. 14.1 - How do somatic motor neurons and autonomic neurons...Ch. 14.1 - 4. What are preganglionic and postganglionic...Ch. 14.1 - What are the two divisions of the ANS?Ch. 14.1 - How are the two divisions of the ANS alike, and...Ch. 14.2 - 1. Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic...Ch. 14.2 - Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic...Ch. 14.2 - Which neurotransmitter(s) is (are) released by...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 4QC
Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 5QCCh. 14.2 - Describe the effects of the sympathetic nervous...Ch. 14.3 - What is the basic function of the parasympathetic...Ch. 14.3 - Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic cell...Ch. 14.3 - How does the arrangement of neurons in the...Ch. 14.3 - 4. Which neurotransmitter is released by all...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 5QCCh. 14.3 - Prob. 6QCCh. 14.3 - Summarize the effects of the parasympathetic...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 1QCCh. 14.4 - Prob. 2QCCh. 14.4 - 3. What is autonomic tone?
Ch. 14.4 - How does the CNS mediate control over the ANS?Ch. 14 - Which of the following best describes the basic...Ch. 14 - 2. Fill in the blanks: The sympathetic nervous...Ch. 14 - 3. Sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse:
a....Ch. 14 - Differentiate between adrenergic and cholinergic...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5CYRCh. 14 - Explain what happens when sympathetic neurons...Ch. 14 - Prob. 7CYRCh. 14 - Mark each of the following as an effect of the...Ch. 14 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 14 - 10. Fill in the blanks: _______receptors are...Ch. 14 - Parasympathetic ganglia are typically: a. located...Ch. 14 - Central nervous system control over the ANS is...Ch. 14 - 1. Using 20 or fewer words, define each of the...Ch. 14 - You are running a race to the top of a mountain....Ch. 14 - 3. Describe all the changes initiated by the...Ch. 14 - 1. Which cranial nerves would be affected by a...Ch. 14 - 2. A patient, Dr. Young, has both asthma and high...Ch. 14 - Mr. Chevalier has been diagnosed with Horner...Ch. 14 - Many chemical warfare agents, such as the...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Match each numbered item with the most closely related lettereditem.Challenge Yourself1. motor nervoussystem2. effector3. oligodendrocyte4. chromatophilicsubstance5. collaterals6. microglial cells7. multipolar neurons8. interneuron9. chemical synapse10. dendritea. skeletal muscle fiberb. neuron part that usuallyreceives incoming impulsesc. stain darkly with basic dyesd. transmits motor informatione. uses a neurotransmitterf. makes myelin sheaths in CNSg. neurons with multipledendritesh. side branches of axonsi. respond to CNS infectionj. sensory to motor neuroncommunicationarrow_forwardWhen you lift a heavy box, your muscles need to generate a stronger than average contraction. What will happen to the timing and frequency of nerve stimulation of your muscles, and why?arrow_forwardWe regularly make conscious decisions to make specific muscular movements. For example, when using the touch interface of your phone, you make a conscious effort to scroll up and down the screen using your finger. In contrast, there are many muscular movements that cannot be controlled voluntarily. For example, you cannot make your heart stop by thinking about it. Which of the following statements correctly identifies the parts of the nervous system that are involved in voluntary and involuntary actions, respectively? Select one: a. Motor neurons of the somatic nervous system and motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system b. Motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system and sensory neurons of the somatic nervous system c. Sensory neurons of the somatic nervous system and sensory neurons of the autonomic nervous system d. Sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system and motor neurons of the autonomic nervous systemarrow_forward
- Is this correctarrow_forwardWhat would happen to an insect if you treated an insect with a chemical that inhibits acetylcholinesterase? 1) K+ channels get stuck open and the neuron stays perminantly hyperpolarized 2) Acetylcholine would continue to activiate Ca++ channels until death by exhaustion 3) Acetylcholine would continue to activiate Na+ channels until death by exhaustionarrow_forwardDraw a reflex arc in place in the nervous system (recall Figure 12.11). Would the reflex still function if the neurons in the sensory ganglia were destroyed?arrow_forward
- When motor nerve fibers in the leg are severed, the muscles they innervate become paralyzed; however, in time, control over the muscles often returns. Why/how is this possible?arrow_forwardHow would the electrical pattern on the EMG change if the somatic motor neurons supplying the forearms were unable to send signals properly? How would this affect the muscles?arrow_forwardRachel is out playing in the dirt and cuts herself, unbeknownest to her a bacteria enters her system and moves retrogradely through the peripheral nerves to enter the central nervous system. Once there its toxins begin to interfere with the release of the neurotransmitter Glycine from the upper motor neurons of the direct motor pathway. this would lead to Group of answer choices spastic paralysis and atrophy of muscle tissue flaccid paralysis and atrophy of muscle tissue spastic paralysis and maintaining or increasing muscle tissue flaccid paralysis and maintaining or increasing muscle tissue not enough information is given to determine the correct responsearrow_forward
- Response to a stimulus within the central nervous system differs from that of a reflex arc because a. Depolarization deos not occur along the reflex arc b. No acetylcholine is released in the central nervous system c. There is no interpretation of the information within the reflex arc d. Nerve impulses travel in the central nervous system at a greater speedarrow_forwardIncreased γ-motor neuron discharge stimulates muscle spindles, because :-a- it produces stretch of the extrafusal muscle fibersb- it causes stretch of the peripheral regions of the intrafusal fibersc- it causes stretch of the central region of the intrafusal fibersd- it stimulates directly the sensory fibers innervating muscle spindlesarrow_forwardThe venom of many cobras contains a potent neurotoxin that binds to ligand-gated Na+ channels,causing them to open. Unlike ACh, which binds to and then rapidly unbinds from ligand-gated Na+ channels, the neurotoxin tends to remain bound to ligand-gated Na+ channels. How does this neurotoxin affect the nervous system’s ability to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction? How does it affect the ability of skeletal muscle fibers to respond to stimulation?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College
Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Spira...Health & NutritionISBN:9781305634350Author:Ann Ehrlich, Carol L. Schroeder, Laura Ehrlich, Katrina A. SchroederPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Concepts of Biology
Biology
ISBN:9781938168116
Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher:OpenStax College
Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Spira...
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9781305634350
Author:Ann Ehrlich, Carol L. Schroeder, Laura Ehrlich, Katrina A. Schroeder
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
GCSE PE - ANTAGONISTIC MUSCLE ACTION - Anatomy and Physiology (Skeletal and Muscular System - 1.5); Author: igpe_complete;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hm_9jQRoO4;License: Standard Youtube License