Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 10CYR
Fill in the blanks: _______receptors are located on parasympathetic postganglionic neurons, and_______ receptors are located on parasympathetic target cells.
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Which of the following could be used to describe Norepinephrine (NE)?
Select all that apply.
hormone
neurotransmitter
Secreted by most postganglionic parasympathetic fibers
uses cholinergic receptors
a beta blocker would decrease its activity
Secreted by most postganglionic sympathetic fibers
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Fill in the blank:
A. The neurotransmitter that is released by all postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic ANS is ________.
B. ________ is the type receptor found on the target cels/organs of postganglionic parasypathetic nerve fibers and is also sensitive to a naturally-occuring plant product: they _____ (do or do not) use G-proteins as part of the receptor system.
C. Nicotonic ACh recpetors _______ (do or do not) include a G-protein membrane transduction system.
Adrenergic receptors classified as α1, β1, and β2 act by changing the level of ____ in the target cell.
Chapter 14 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 14.1 - What are the basic functions of the ANS?Ch. 14.1 - 2. What are autonomic ganglia?
Ch. 14.1 - How do somatic motor neurons and autonomic neurons...Ch. 14.1 - 4. What are preganglionic and postganglionic...Ch. 14.1 - What are the two divisions of the ANS?Ch. 14.1 - How are the two divisions of the ANS alike, and...Ch. 14.2 - 1. Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic...Ch. 14.2 - Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic...Ch. 14.2 - Which neurotransmitter(s) is (are) released by...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 4QC
Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 5QCCh. 14.2 - Describe the effects of the sympathetic nervous...Ch. 14.3 - What is the basic function of the parasympathetic...Ch. 14.3 - Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic cell...Ch. 14.3 - How does the arrangement of neurons in the...Ch. 14.3 - 4. Which neurotransmitter is released by all...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 5QCCh. 14.3 - Prob. 6QCCh. 14.3 - Summarize the effects of the parasympathetic...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 1QCCh. 14.4 - Prob. 2QCCh. 14.4 - 3. What is autonomic tone?
Ch. 14.4 - How does the CNS mediate control over the ANS?Ch. 14 - Which of the following best describes the basic...Ch. 14 - 2. Fill in the blanks: The sympathetic nervous...Ch. 14 - 3. Sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse:
a....Ch. 14 - Differentiate between adrenergic and cholinergic...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5CYRCh. 14 - Explain what happens when sympathetic neurons...Ch. 14 - Prob. 7CYRCh. 14 - Mark each of the following as an effect of the...Ch. 14 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 14 - 10. Fill in the blanks: _______receptors are...Ch. 14 - Parasympathetic ganglia are typically: a. located...Ch. 14 - Central nervous system control over the ANS is...Ch. 14 - 1. Using 20 or fewer words, define each of the...Ch. 14 - You are running a race to the top of a mountain....Ch. 14 - 3. Describe all the changes initiated by the...Ch. 14 - 1. Which cranial nerves would be affected by a...Ch. 14 - 2. A patient, Dr. Young, has both asthma and high...Ch. 14 - Mr. Chevalier has been diagnosed with Horner...Ch. 14 - Many chemical warfare agents, such as the...
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- Sympathetic innervation can have pro- and anti- inflammatory effects. Which of the following statements does not support this suggestion relative to a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). O Mice lacking the beta2-adrenergic receptor were less susceptible to this experimental IBD Catecholamines acting on alpha2-adrenoreceptors led to proinflammatory (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) production worsening the IBD in mice Mice lacking the beta2-adrenergic receptor were more susceptible to this experimental IBDarrow_forwardCorrect the following false statement: "Any cell that has the acetylcholine receptor will have the same response as any other cell that also has the acetylcholine receptor when exposed to acetylcholine". Explain why this statement is false.arrow_forwardMatch the following statements to the correct neurotransmitter of the autonomic nervous system. Select "Both" if the statement is true of both neurotransmitters. Secreted by cholinergic fibers. Receptors for this neurotransmitter may cause either excitatory or inhibitory responses. Bind(s) to adrenergic receptors. Receptors for this neurotransmitter are found on all autonomic postganglionic neurons. This neurotransmitter can increase heart rate. ANSWER OPTIONS: Acetylcholine or Norepinephrine? Both?arrow_forward
- In the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, there are two cholinergic synapses (synapses mediated by acetylcholine) on the way to the target tissue. The first synapse is in the autonomic ganglion (from the "preganglionic neuron"), and is always mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NACHRS). The second synapse (from the "postganglionic neuron") is on the target cell, and is mediated by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). C. Which synapse is expected to be blocked by removal of Ca2+ from the external solution?arrow_forwardIn the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, there are two cholinergic synapses (synapses mediated by acetylcholine) on the way to the target tissue. The first synapse is in the autonomic ganglion (from the "preganglionic neuron"), and is always mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NACHRS). The second synapse (from the "postganglionic neuron") is on the target cell, and is mediated by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). A. Which of these synapses is expected to always produce a rapid depolarization of the postsynaptic cell? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardIn the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, there are two cholinergic synapses (synapses mediated by acetylcholine) on the way to the target tissue. The first synapse is in the autonomic ganglion (from the "preganglionic neuron"), and is always mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NACHRS). The second synapse (from the "postganglionic neuron") is on the target cell, and is mediated by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). B. One of these synapses produces a long-lasting hyperpolarization of its target cell. Which synapse, and why?arrow_forward
- Classify the following characteristics to demonstrate your knowledge of differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic Nervous System Most ganglia lie close to the spinal cord and form two chains of ganglia-one on each side of the spinal cord Increases intestinal motility and stimulates intestinal secretion Postganglionic axons are generally short Preganglionic axons are generally short Postganglionic axons release NE that binds to adrenergic receptors located on the effectors Decreases heart rate, contractility, and conduction velocity Ganglia lie within, or very close to, innervated organs Decreases intestinal motility and inhibits intestinal secretion Long preganglionic axons release ACh that binds to nicotinic receptors located within the ganglia Neurons leave the CNS from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord Parasympathetic Nervous System Generalized activation is called the fight-or-flight response…arrow_forwardWhich choice below correctly matches the effector to the effects of sympathetic stimulation? pupils of the eye --> dilates pupils lungs --> constricts air passages heart --> decreases heart rate stomach --> increases activity of stomach urinary bladder --> stimulates urinationarrow_forwardFor each of the following terms or phrases, write either S (for sympathetic) or P (for parasympathetic) division of the autonomic nervous system.__(1) short preganglionic axons, long postganglionic axons__(2) intramural ganglia__(3) craniosacral outflow __(4) adrenergic fibers __(5) cervical ganglia of the sympathetic trunk __(6) otic and ciliary ganglia __(7) more widespread response __(8) increases heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure __(9) increases motility of stomach and secretion of lacrimal and salivary glands __(10) innervates blood vessels __(11) most active when you are lolling in a hammock __(12) most active when you are running in the Boston Marathon __(13) gray rami communicantes __(14) synapse in celiac ganglion __(15) relates to fear response induced by the amygdaloid bodyarrow_forward
- Question in Image, thanks so much!!!arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true? Select one: O a. Cholinergic nicotinic receptors of autonomic ganglia are identical to N cholinergic receptors of neuromuscular junction O b. Some of the postganglionic sympathetic fibers are cholinergic O c. All of the visceral organs/structures have dual innervation (sympathetic and parasympathetic) O d. Adrenaline does not usually circulate in bloodarrow_forwardFor each of the following statements about the sympathetic nervous system, state whether it is true or false. Postganglionic neurons can stimulate the heart [Select] Preganglionic nerve fibers originate from the brainstem or from the sacral part of the spinal cord [Select] Preganglionic fibers are relatively long [Select] Preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine [Select] Postganglionic neurons can stimulate skeletal muscle [Select] Postganglionic neurons release acetylcholine [Select]arrow_forward
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