Genetics: From Genes To Genomes (6th International Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260041217
Author: Leland Hartwell Dr., ? Michael L. Goldberg Professor Dr., ? Janice Fischer, ? Leroy Hood Dr.
Publisher: Mcgraw-Hill
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 23P
Starting with an F- strain that was prototrophic (that is, had no auxotrophic mutations) and Strs, several independent Hfr strains were isolated. These Hfr strains were mated to an F- strain that was Strr Arg- Cys- His- Ilv- Lys- Met- Nic- Pab- Pyr- Trp-. Interrupted-mating experiments showed that the Hfr strains transferred the wild-type alleles in the order listed in the following table as a function of time. The time of entry for the markers within parentheses could not be distinguished from one another.
| a. | From these data, derive a map of the relative position of these markers on the bacterial chromosome. Indicate with labeled arrows the position and orientation of the integrated F plasmid for each Hfr strain. |
| b. | To determine the relative order of the trp, pyr, and cys markers and the distances between them, HfrB was mated with the F- strain long enough to allow transfer of the nic marker, after which Trp+ recombinants were selected. The unselected markers pyr and cys were then scored in the Trp+ recombinants were selected. The unselected markers pyr and cys were then scored in the Trp+ recombinants, yielding the following results: |
Draw a map of the trp, pyr, and cys markers relative to each other. (Note that you cannot determine the order relative to the nic or his genes using these data.) Express map distances between adjacent genes as the frequency of crossing-over between them.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Wild-type bacteria were used as donors to transduce the
following recipient genotypes with the results indicated as
the number of wild type colonies:
Recipient
Recipient
leu- phe+ his- met+ tyr+
leu- phe+ his+ met- tyr+
leu- phe+ his+ met+ tyr-
leu- phe- his+ met+ tyr+
leu+ phe+ his-met- tyr+
127
leu+ phe-his- met+ tyr+
#wild type
37
138
132
1
leu+ phe+ his- met+ tyr-
leu+ phe-his+ met- tyr+
leu+ phe-hist met+ tyr-
leu- phe+ his+ met+ tyr+
22
6
leu+ phe+ his+ met- tyr-
148
31
304
leu+ phe+ his+ met+ tyr-
What is the order of the genes?
tyr-leu-his-phe-met
O leu-met-phe-his-tyr
leu-his-met-tyr-phe
his-tyr-leu-phe-met
#wild type
356
10
In Escherichia coli, four different Hfr strains, derived from the same F* strains, were mated with F
strains auxotrophic for a number of nutritional requirements (Arg Bio Cys Trp Gal His Lac Mal
Xyl Leu Met). Matings were interrupted at various intervals and cells were plated on minimal
medium supplemented with particular nutrients to test for gene transfer. The following results show
the time of entry for each of the genes in four different Hfr strains.
Table 1: Time-of-Entry Mapping Data*
Hfr strains
Genes
lac"
his"
arg' bio
9.
Cys
gal"
trp'
5
11.5 2.5
mal" xyl"
leu
met
Hfr 1
Hfr 2
Hfr 3
Hfr 4
6.5
3.5
11
15
15
4
6.
17.5
5
14.5
3
20
* The numbers denote the number of minutes elapsed before a gene enters the F
cells.
Draw a circular map of E. coli chromosome.
Austin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new
strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map several
200
mal+
genes in Escherichia coli by using
interrupted conjugation.
150
In one experiment, the researchers mixed cells of Hfr
strain AB-312, which were xyl* mtl* mal* met* and
sensitive to phage T6, with F strain AB-531, which
was xyl mtl mal met and resistant to phage T6. The
100
mt/+
cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular
intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and
50
met+
interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with
phage T6. The F cells, which were resistant to phage
T6, survived and were then tested for the presence of
0.
20
40
60
80
100
genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this
experiment are shown in the graph.
Time of sampling (minutes)
On the basis of these data, give the order of the xyl, mtl, mal, and met genes on the bacterial chromosome and the minimum
distances between them in minutes. The origin of transfer is…
Chapter 14 Solutions
Genetics: From Genes To Genomes (6th International Edition)
Ch. 14 - Choose the phrase from the right column that best...Ch. 14 - The unicellular, rod-shaped bacterium E. coli is 2...Ch. 14 - Now that the sequence of the entire E. coli K12...Ch. 14 - Bacterial genomes such as that of E. coli...Ch. 14 - List at least three features of eukaryotic genomes...Ch. 14 - Describe a mechanism by which a gene could move...Ch. 14 - High salt concentrations tend to cause protein...Ch. 14 - Recently, scientists tested the possibility that...Ch. 14 - A recent metagenomic study analyzed the...Ch. 14 - Linezolid is a new type of antibiotic that...
Ch. 14 - A liquid culture of E. coli at a concentration of...Ch. 14 - Pick out the medium i, ii, iii, or iv onto which...Ch. 14 - This problem concerns Fig. 14.14, which...Ch. 14 - In two isolates one is resistant to ampicillin,...Ch. 14 - E. coli cells usually have only one copy of the F...Ch. 14 - In E. coli, the genes purC and pyrB are located...Ch. 14 - DNA sequencing of the entire H. influenzae genome...Ch. 14 - Genes encoding toxins are often located on...Ch. 14 - a. You want to perform an interrupted-mating...Ch. 14 - In Problem 19, do you think that most of the...Ch. 14 - One issue with interrupted-mating experiments such...Ch. 14 - Prob. 22PCh. 14 - Starting with an F- strain that was prototrophic...Ch. 14 - You can carry out matings between an Hfr and F...Ch. 14 - Genome sequences show that some pathogenic...Ch. 14 - Generalized and specialized transduction both...Ch. 14 - This problem highlights some useful variations of...Ch. 14 - A researcher has a Trp auxotrophic strain of E....Ch. 14 - Streptococcus parasanguis is a bacterial species...Ch. 14 - The sequence at one end of one strand of the...Ch. 14 - Scientists who study amino acid biosynthesis...Ch. 14 - Suppose that you could obtain radioactively...Ch. 14 - Prob. 34PCh. 14 - Some scientists are trying to engineer...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A prototrophic strain (his" arg" lac') was used as a donor to transform an auxotrophic strain (his arg lac'). Initial transformants are isolated on minimal medium + histidine + arginine + lactose - glucose. i. What genotypes will grow on this medium? ii. These colonies are replicated to minimal medium + histidine, and 50% of the original colonies grow. What genotypes will grow on this medium? iii. The original colonies are also replicated to minimal medium + arginine, and 10% of the colonies grow. What genotypes will grow on this medium? iv. The original colonies are also replicated to minimal medium. No colonies grow. Based on this information, what genotypes will grow on minimal medium + histidine and on minimal medium + arginine? What is the relative gene order for his, arg, and lac? Which two genes are closer? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardIn E. coli, the gene bioD+ encodes an enzyme involved in biotin synthesis, and galK+ encodes an enzyme involved in galactose utilization. An E. coli strain that contained wild-type versions of both genes was infected with P1 phage, and then a P1 lysate was obtained. This lysate was used totransduce (infect) a strain that was bioD− and galK−. The cellswere plated on a medium containing galactose as the sole carbonsource for growth to select for transduction of the galK+ gene.This medium also was supplemented with biotin. The resultingcolonies were then restreaked on a medium that lacked biotin tosee if the bioD+ gene had been cotransduced. The following resultswere obtained:What information do you know based onthe question and your understanding of the topic?arrow_forwardIn E. coli, the gene bioD+ encodes an enzyme involved in biotin synthesis, and galK+ encodes an enzyme involved in galactose utilization. An E. coli strain that contained wild-type versions of both genes was infected with P1 phage, and then a P1 lysate was obtained. This lysate was used totransduce (infect) a strain that was bioD− and galK−. The cellswere plated on a medium containing galactose as the sole carbonsource for growth to select for transduction of the galK+ gene.This medium also was supplemented with biotin. The resultingcolonies were then restreaked on a medium that lacked biotin tosee if the bioD+ gene had been cotransduced. The following resultswere obtained:What topic in genetics does this question address?arrow_forward
- Austin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map several genes in E. coli by using interrupted conjugation . In one experiment, they mixed cells of Hfr strain AB-312, which were xyl+ mtl+ mal+ met+ and sensitive to phage T6, with F− strain AB-531, which was xyl− mtl− mal− met− and resistant to phage T6. The cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The F− cells, which were resistant to phage T6, survivedand were then tested for the presence of genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the accompanying graph. On the basis of these data, give the order of the xyl, mtl, mal, and met genes on the bacterial chromosome and indicate the minimum distances between them.arrow_forwardA donor strain of bacteria with genotype leu* gal pro* is infected with phages. The phage lysate from the bacterial cells is collected and used to infect a second strain of bacteria that are leu gal* pro". The second strain is selected for leu", and the following cotransduction data are obtained: Cells with cotransduced allele (%) Selected Donor Recipient allele leu* leu" gal* leu* 47 pro* gal" pro* pro leu* 26 gal" Which genes are closest, leu and gal or leu and pro?arrow_forwardBy conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the order of many bacterialgenes. Throughout the course of their studies, they identified severaldifferent Hfr strains in which the F-factor DNA had been integratedat different places along the bacterial chromosome. A sample of theirexperimental results is shown in the following table:Analyze data. Compare and contrast. Make a drawing.arrow_forward
- Determine the map distances between the genes.arrow_forwardBy conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the order of many bacterialgenes. Throughout the course of their studies, they identified severaldifferent Hfr strains in which the F-factor DNA had been integratedat different places along the bacterial chromosome. A sample of theirexperimental results is shown in the following table:Explain how these results are consistent with the idea that thebacterial chromosome is circular?arrow_forwardBy conducting conjugation experiments between Hfr and recipientstrains, Wollman and Jacob mapped the order of many bacterialgenes. Throughout the course of their studies, they identified severaldifferent Hfr strains in which the F-factor DNA had been integratedat different places along the bacterial chromosome. A sample of theirexperimental results is shown in the following table:What information do you know based on the question and your understanding of the topic?arrow_forward
- Austin Taylor and Edward Adelberg isolated some new strains of Hfr cells that they then used to map several genes in Escherichia coli by using interrupted conjugation. In one experiment, the researchers mixed cells of Hfr strain AB‑312, which were xyl+ mtl+ mal+ met+ and sensitive to phage T6, with F− strain AB‑531, which was xyl− mtl− mal− met− and resistant to phage T6. The cells were allowed to undergo conjugation. At regular intervals, the researchers removed a sample of cells and interrupted conjugation by killing the Hfr cells with phage T6. The F− cells, which were resistant to phage T6, survived and were then tested for the presence of genes transferred from the Hfr strain. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph. On the basis of these data, give the order of the xyl, mtl, mal, and met genes on the bacterial chromosome and the minimum distances between them in minutes. The origin of transfer is represented by the red triangle. The distances between genes are not…arrow_forwardIn a cotransformation experiment (see question 4 of More GeneticTIPS), DNA was isolated from a donor strain that was proA+ andstrC+ and sensitive to tetracycline. (The proA and strC genes conferthe ability to synthesize proline and confer streptomycin resistance,respectively.) A recipient strain is proA− and strC− and isresistant to tetracycline. After transformation, the bacteria werefirst streaked on a medium containing proline, streptomycin, andtetracycline. Colonies were then restreaked on a medium containingstreptomycin and tetracycline. (Note: Each type of medium hadcarbon and nitrogen sources for growth.) The following resultswere obtained:70 colonies grew on the medium containing proline, streptomycin,and tetracycline, but only 2 of these 70 colonies grew whenrestreaked on the medium containing streptomycin and tetracyclinebut lacking proline. If we assume the average size of the DNA fragments is 2 minutes,how far apart are these two genes?arrow_forwardGiven what we've discussed in class, what will be most likely outcome if you conjugate an streptomycin resistant ampicillin sensitive methionine auxotroph E. coli strain (engineered to be pir+) that is F- with a streptomycin sensitive non-HFR methionine prototroph strain that is F- and RP4+ but contains pUC18? Colonies on minimal media + ampicillin +streptomycin plates No colonies on minimal media +ampicillin +streptomycin platesarrow_forward
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