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What contributions to understanding the cardiovascular system did each of the following people make?
- a. William Harvey
- b. Otto Frank and Ernest Starling
- c. Marcello Malpighi
a.
To explain: The contribution made by William Harvey in understanding the cardiovascular system.
Introduction: Cardiovascular system is the system that makes the blood flow through the body. It is responsible for transferring materials from part of the body to the other through the blood. The cardiovascular system is one of the important systems of any living system.
Explanation of Solution
William Harvey contributed greatly towards the understanding of the cardiovascular system and the flow of blood through the body. Harvey studied the anatomical route of blood flow in the body to understand that the blood is re-circulated through that route rather than flowing out and consumed by the tissues of the body.
Studies conducted by William Harvey also showed that there is a one-way flow of blood through the body. This one directional flow is due to the valves in the heart and veins. He observed that the blood after circulating through the body flows back into the heart. Along with this, another important observation made by Harvey includes the blood flowing to the lungs from the right side of the heart before going to the left side.
William Harvey contributed greatly towards the understanding of the cardiovascular system by finding the one-directional flow of the blood through the heart and the blood vessels.
b.
To determine: The contribution made by Otto Frank and Ernest Starling in understanding the cardiovascular system.
Introduction: A cardiovascular system includes one of the most important organs of a living organism, the heart. During the past many centuries, the heart and the related organs have been constantly studied by different scientists to understand their structure and functioning.
Explanation of Solution
Otto Frank was a German physiologist who discovered the relationship between the force and the stretch in the intact heart. A British physiologist, Ernest Starling, further expanded his work. During his work, he observed that all the blood that returned to the heart was pumped back by it in the absence of any nervous or hormonal control.
Relationship between the additional blood flow and pumping of the heart was established by “Frank-Starling law of the heart.” This law states that there is a more forceful contraction in heart to eject more blood in case there is additional blood flow to the heart.
Otto Frank and Ernest Starling contributed towards the understanding of the cardiovascular system by establishing the relation between the additional blood flow and the pumping of the heart.
c.
To determine: The contribution made by Marcello Malpighi in understanding the cardiovascular system
Introduction: The cardiovascular system is the system that is responsible for the transfer of oxygen and other materials from one part of the body to the other. Many scientists and biologists have contributed greatly to understand different functions of the heart and the cardiovascular system as a whole.
Explanation of Solution
Marcello Malpighi was an Italian anatomist who worked on different domains of biology. He also contributed to understanding the cardiovascular system. During the middle of the 17th century, Malpighi expanded the understanding of the cardiovascular system and exchange of materials between the blood and interstitial fluid through the cardiovascular system. Marcello Malpighi discovered very thin blood vessels, called capillaries. The discovery of the capillaries changes the understanding of the cardiovascular system and transfer of materials between the blood and the cells.
Marcello Malpighi discovered the capillaries where the exchange of material between the blood and the cells takes place.
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