
(a)
To determine:. At which step during cardiac cycle a murmur is heard in a disease called valvular aortic stenosis
Introduction:. Aortic valvular stenosis is a common and serious valve disease problem. This disease is caused due to the narrowing of the aortic valve opening, which results in the restriction of blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta, and also the pressure in the left atrium is affected.
(b)
To determine: At which step during cardiac cycle, a murmur is heard in a disease called mitral valve regurgitation.
Introduction: Mitral valve comprises of structures which work synchronously to open during diastole and close in systole with high pressure surrounding Whenever the left ventricle contracts if there is leakage of blood backward through the mitral valve, it causes mitral valve regurgitation.
(c)
To determine:. At which step during cardiac cycle, a murmur is heard in a disease called aortic valve regurgitation.
Introduction: Aortic valve helps in closing the lower left chamber of heart so that the oxygen-containing blood can be help before it is pumped out to the body and opening it so that blood can flow from left ventricle to aorta and to body.

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Chapter 14 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
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