The reason for the generation of active enzymes due to mutation of serine or threonine residues to form aspartate needs to be explained. Concept introduction: Protein kinase is a type of kinase enzyme that modifies the biological activities of proteins by phosphorylating a specific kind of amino acid by using ATP as a source of phosphate.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the generation of active enzymes due to mutation of serine or threonine residues to form aspartate needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Protein kinase is a type of kinase enzyme that modifies the biological activities of proteins by phosphorylating a specific kind of amino acid by using ATP as a source of phosphate.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The mutation of serine or threonine substantially increases the ubiquitin-conjugating activities. Hence, it helps in the generation of active enzymes.

Explanation of Solution

In order to activate the protein kinases, phosphorylation can be done either on serine or on threonine residues because both of these are neutral residues. On getting phosphorylated, these get negatively charged. If serine and threonine is substituted by glutamate, then negatively charged glutamate is preferred more than the negatively charged phosphoserine or phosphothreonine to alter the tertiary structure of protein kinase into the active state.

Conclusion

Thus, by increasing the ubiquitin-conjugating activity substantially, mutation of serine or threonine leads to the generation of active enzymes.

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Why the 2nd choice is correct?

a) What are the differences between the Direct & Indirect Immunofluorescence Assays? (0.5 mark) b) What are the advantages of the Indirect Immunofluorescence Assays? (0.5 mark) c) A Super-Resolution Imaging Technique was developed in 2018 using imidazole, a His-tag ligand conjugated with a fluorophore to report the presence of a recombinant His-tag protein target, (Sci Rep, 2018, 8:5507). How does this technique improve the image quality? (2 marks)

a) What are the differences between the Direct & Indirect Immunofluorescence Assays? b) What are the advantages of the Indirect Immunofluorescence Assays? c) A Super-Resolution Imaging Technique was developed in 2018 using imidazole, a His-tag ligand conjugated with a fluorophore to report the presence of a recombinant His-tag protein target, (Sci Rep, 2018, 8:5507). How does this technique improve the image quality?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the generation of active enzymes due to mutation of serine or threonine residues to form aspartate needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Protein kinase is a type of kinase enzyme that modifies the biological activities of proteins by phosphorylating a specific kind of amino acid by using ATP as a source of phosphate.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The mutation of serine or threonine substantially increases the ubiquitin-conjugating activities. Hence, it helps in the generation of active enzymes.

Explanation of Solution

In order to activate the protein kinases, phosphorylation can be done either on serine or on threonine residues because both of these are neutral residues. On getting phosphorylated, these get negatively charged. If serine and threonine is substituted by glutamate, then negatively charged glutamate is preferred more than the negatively charged phosphoserine or phosphothreonine to alter the tertiary structure of protein kinase into the active state.

Conclusion

Thus, by increasing the ubiquitin-conjugating activity substantially, mutation of serine or threonine leads to the generation of active enzymes.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the generation of active enzymes due to mutation of serine or threonine residues to form aspartate needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Protein kinase is a type of kinase enzyme that modifies the biological activities of proteins by phosphorylating a specific kind of amino acid by using ATP as a source of phosphate.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The mutation of serine or threonine substantially increases the ubiquitin-conjugating activities. Hence, it helps in the generation of active enzymes.

Explanation of Solution

In order to activate the protein kinases, phosphorylation can be done either on serine or on threonine residues because both of these are neutral residues. On getting phosphorylated, these get negatively charged. If serine and threonine is substituted by glutamate, then negatively charged glutamate is preferred more than the negatively charged phosphoserine or phosphothreonine to alter the tertiary structure of protein kinase into the active state.

Conclusion

Thus, by increasing the ubiquitin-conjugating activity substantially, mutation of serine or threonine leads to the generation of active enzymes.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the generation of active enzymes due to mutation of serine or threonine residues to form aspartate needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Protein kinase is a type of kinase enzyme that modifies the biological activities of proteins by phosphorylating a specific kind of amino acid by using ATP as a source of phosphate.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The mutation of serine or threonine substantially increases the ubiquitin-conjugating activities. Hence, it helps in the generation of active enzymes.

Explanation of Solution

In order to activate the protein kinases, phosphorylation can be done either on serine or on threonine residues because both of these are neutral residues. On getting phosphorylated, these get negatively charged. If serine and threonine is substituted by glutamate, then negatively charged glutamate is preferred more than the negatively charged phosphoserine or phosphothreonine to alter the tertiary structure of protein kinase into the active state.

Conclusion

Thus, by increasing the ubiquitin-conjugating activity substantially, mutation of serine or threonine leads to the generation of active enzymes.

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the generation of active enzymes due to mutation of serine or threonine residues to form aspartate needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Protein kinase is a type of kinase enzyme that modifies the biological activities of proteins by phosphorylating a specific kind of amino acid by using ATP as a source of phosphate.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The mutation of serine or threonine substantially increases the ubiquitin-conjugating activities. Hence, it helps in the generation of active enzymes.

Explanation of Solution

In order to activate the protein kinases, phosphorylation can be done either on serine or on threonine residues because both of these are neutral residues. On getting phosphorylated, these get negatively charged. If serine and threonine is substituted by glutamate, then negatively charged glutamate is preferred more than the negatively charged phosphoserine or phosphothreonine to alter the tertiary structure of protein kinase into the active state.

Conclusion

Thus, by increasing the ubiquitin-conjugating activity substantially, mutation of serine or threonine leads to the generation of active enzymes.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the generation of active enzymes due to mutation of serine or threonine residues to form aspartate needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Protein kinase is a type of kinase enzyme that modifies the biological activities of proteins by phosphorylating a specific kind of amino acid by using ATP as a source of phosphate.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The mutation of serine or threonine substantially increases the ubiquitin-conjugating activities. Hence, it helps in the generation of active enzymes.

Explanation of Solution

In order to activate the protein kinases, phosphorylation can be done either on serine or on threonine residues because both of these are neutral residues. On getting phosphorylated, these get negatively charged. If serine and threonine is substituted by glutamate, then negatively charged glutamate is preferred more than the negatively charged phosphoserine or phosphothreonine to alter the tertiary structure of protein kinase into the active state.

Conclusion

Thus, by increasing the ubiquitin-conjugating activity substantially, mutation of serine or threonine leads to the generation of active enzymes.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for the generation of active enzymes due to mutation of serine or threonine residues to form aspartate needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Protein kinase is a type of kinase enzyme that modifies the biological activities of proteins by phosphorylating a specific kind of amino acid by using ATP as a source of phosphate.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The mutation of serine or threonine substantially increases the ubiquitin-conjugating activities. Hence, it helps in the generation of active enzymes.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

In order to activate the protein kinases, phosphorylation can be done either on serine or on threonine residues because both of these are neutral residues. On getting phosphorylated, these get negatively charged. If serine and threonine is substituted by glutamate, then negatively charged glutamate is preferred more than the negatively charged phosphoserine or phosphothreonine to alter the tertiary structure of protein kinase into the active state.

Answer 12

Conclusion

Thus, by increasing the ubiquitin-conjugating activity substantially, mutation of serine or threonine leads to the generation of active enzymes.

Answer 13

Ch. 14 - Prob. 1P Ch. 14 - Prob. 2P Ch. 14 - Prob. 3P Ch. 14 - Prob. 4P Ch. 14 - Prob. 5P Ch. 14 - Prob. 6P Ch. 14 - Prob. 7P Ch. 14 - Prob. 8P Ch. 14 - Prob. 9P Ch. 14 - Prob. 10P

Answer to Problem 1P

Explanation of Solution

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Chapter 14 Solutions