Chapter 14, Problem 14.55AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The solubility should be explained for the propanol is more soluble, whereas ethanethiol and chloroethane is slightly soluble.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the alcohol in water:

The solubility of the alcohol is mainly depends on the hydrophilic part as well as length of the alkyl chain. If the compound has more number of hydroxyl group or less number of carbon chain which is soluble in water. If the compound has less number of hydroxyl group with more number of carbon chain which is insoluble in water because of hydrophobic part.

The carbon to oxygen ratio of 1:1 to 3:1 is soluble in water (such as methanol, ethanol, and propanol).

Alcohols have two different parts

1. (1) Hydrophilic (water-loving),
2. (2) Hydrophobic (water-fearing).

Hydrophilic (water-loving):

The compound has the hydroxyl group ($\text{OH}$) is called as hydrophilic.

Hydrophobic (water-fearing):

The compound has alkyl chain group is called as hydrophilic.

Hydrogen bond:

The electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen atom and more electronegative atom such as nitrogen ($\text{N}$), oxygen ($\text{O}$), or fluorine ($\text{F}$), and another adjacent atom which is having lone pair of electrons.