Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696527
Author: J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 14, Problem 14.23P
Ammonium chloride
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8. The thermal decomposition of nitric oxide at elevated temperatures
2NO → N₂+02
has been studied in a batch reactor where at temperatures below 2000K the rate
expression that applies to low conversions is:
r = kCm05 Co
At high conversions, or when the initial mixture contains a high concentration of O2 the
rate expression is given by:
r = k' Cм0.5 C15C0,5
To explain these kinetics the following chain reaction mechanism has been proposed:
Initiation:
Propagation:
2NON₂O +0
k₂
E1=272.0 kJ/mol
0+ NO O₂+ N
E₂-161.0 kJ/mol
N+NO N₂+0
E3-1.4 kJ/mol
K4
20+ MO₂+M
E4=14.0 kJ/mol
ks
Termination:
where M is any molecule capable of the energy transfer necessary to stabilize the oxygen
molecule.
Once appreciable amounts of O2 are present in the reaction mixture, the initiation
reaction that is the primary source of atomic oxygen is no longer the first reaction.
Instead, the following reaction begins to dominate the chain initiation process:
Initiation (high O2):
ks
NO +0₂ NO₂+0 E5=198.0 kJ/mol
a.…
2:41
2)
If the number-average degree of polymerization for styrene obtained by the bulk
polymerization at 25°C is 5,000, what would be the number-average degree of
polymerization if conducted in a 10% solution in toluene (900g of toluene per 100 g of
styrene) under otherwise identical conditions? State any assumptions that are needed. (see
Table 2-4).
Table 2-4 Representative Values of Chain-Transfer Constants
Monomer
Styrene
Chain-Transfer Agent
T (°C) C x 104
Styrene
25 bas 0.279
* 50
0.35-0.78
Polystyrene
50
1.9-16.6
Benzoyl peroxide
50
0.13
Toluene
60
0.125
Methyl methacrylate
Methyl methacrylate
30
0.117
70
0.2
Poly(methyl methacrylate)
50
0.22-1000
Benzoyl peroxide
50
0.01
Toluene
40
0.170
3)
2
3)
Methyl methacrylate is copolymerized with 2-methylbenzyl methacrylate (M₁) in 1,4-
dioxane at 60°C using AIBN as the free-radical initiator.
(a) Draw the repeating unit of poly(2-methylbenzyl methacrylate).
(b) From the data given in the table below, estimate the reactivity ratios of…
A piston–cylinder device initially contains 0.6 m3 of saturated water vapor at 250 kPa. At this state, the piston is resting on a set of stops, and the mass of the piston is such that a pressure of 300 kPa is required to move it. Heat is now slowly transferred to the steam until the volume becomes 1 m3. Use the data from the steam tables.
NOTE: This is a multi-part question. Once an answer is submitted, you will be unable to return to this part.
Determine the final temperature.
The final temperature is ºC.
Determine the work done during this process
Determine the total heat transfer
Chapter 14 Solutions
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.1PCh. 14 - A system initially containing 2 mol C2H4 and 3 mol...Ch. 14 - A system formed initially of 2 mol CO2 , 5 mol H2...Ch. 14 - Consider the water-gas-shift reaction:...Ch. 14 - Rework Prob. 14.4 for a temperature of: (a) HOOK:...Ch. 14 - Use the method of equilibrium constants to verify...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.7PCh. 14 - For ideal gases, exact mathematical expressions...Ch. 14 - For the ammonia synthesis reaction written:...Ch. 14 - Peter. Paul, and Mary, members of a thermodynamics...
Ch. 14 - The following reaction reaches equilibrium at...Ch. 14 - The following reaction reaches equilibrium at...Ch. 14 - The following reaction reaches equilibrium at...Ch. 14 - The following reaction, hydrogenation of styrene...Ch. 14 - The gas stream from a sulfur burner is composed of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.16PCh. 14 - Ethylene is produced by the dehydrogenation of...Ch. 14 - The production of 1,3-butadiene can be carried out...Ch. 14 - The production of 1,3-butadiene can be carried out...Ch. 14 - For the ammonia synthesis reaction, 12N2g+32H2NH3g...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.21PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.22PCh. 14 - Ammonium chloride NH4Cls decomposes upon heating...Ch. 14 - A chemically reactive system contains the...Ch. 14 - The relative compositions of the pollutants NO and...Ch. 14 - Carbon black is produced by the decomposition of...Ch. 14 - Consider the reactions 12N2g+12O2gNOg12N2g+O2gNO2g...Ch. 14 - Oil refineries often have both H2S and SO2 to...Ch. 14 - Species N2O4 and NO2 as gases come to equilibrium...Ch. 14 - The following isomerization reaction occurs in the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.32PCh. 14 - The feed gas to a methanol synthesis reactor is...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.34PCh. 14 - Consider the gas-phase isomerization reaction: ....Ch. 14 - A low-pressure, gas-phase isomerization reaction,...Ch. 14 - Set up the equations required for solution of Ex....Ch. 14 - Reaction-equilibrium calculations may be useful...Ch. 14 - Ethylene oxide as a vapor and water as liquid,...Ch. 14 - In chemical-reaction engineering, special measures...Ch. 14 - The following problems involving chemical-reaction...Ch. 14 - The following is an industrial-safety rule of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.43PCh. 14 - The standard heat of reaction A/f3 for gas-phase...Ch. 14 - Ethanol is produced from ethylene via the...Ch. 14 - A good source for formation data for compounds is...Ch. 14 - Reagent-grade, liquid-phase chemicals often...Ch. 14 - Cracking propane is a route to light olefin...Ch. 14 - Equilibrium at 425 K and 15 bar is established for...
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