Chemistry: Structure and Properties (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134293936
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14, Problem 123E
Interpretation Introduction
To determine: The error in the statement and provide the correct explanation.
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Chemistry: Structure and Properties (2nd Edition)
Ch. 14 - Explain why lizards become sluggish in cold...Ch. 14 - Why are reaction rates important (both practically...Ch. 14 - Using the idea that reactions occur as a result of...Ch. 14 - Using the idea that reactions occur as a result of...Ch. 14 - What units are typically used to express the rate...Ch. 14 - Why is the reaction rate for reactants defined as...Ch. 14 - Explain the difference between the average rate of...Ch. 14 - Consider a simple reaction in which a reactant A...Ch. 14 - How is the order of a reaction generally...Ch. 14 - For a reaction with multiple reactants, how is the...
Ch. 14 - Explain the difference between the rate law for a...Ch. 14 - Write integrated rate laws for zero-order,...Ch. 14 - What does the term half-life mean? Write the...Ch. 14 - How do reaction rates typically depend on...Ch. 14 - Prob. 15ECh. 14 - What is an Arrhenius plot? Explain the...Ch. 14 - Explain the meaning of the orientation factor in...Ch. 14 - Explain the difference between a normal chemical...Ch. 14 - In a reaction mechanism, what is an elementary...Ch. 14 - What are the two requirements for a proposed...Ch. 14 - What is an intermediate within a reaction...Ch. 14 - What is a catalyst? How does a catalyst increase...Ch. 14 - Explain the difference between homogeneous...Ch. 14 - What are the four basic steps involved in...Ch. 14 - What are enzymes? What is the active site of an...Ch. 14 - What is the general two-step mechanism by which...Ch. 14 - Consider the reaction. 2HBr(g)H2(g)+Br2(g) Express...Ch. 14 - Consider the reaction 2N2O(g)2N2(g)+O2(g) Express...Ch. 14 - For the reaction 2A(g)+B(g)3C(g) determine the...Ch. 14 - For the reaction A(g)+12B(g)2C(g) determine the...Ch. 14 - Consider the reaction. Cl2(g)+3F2(g)2ClF3(g)...Ch. 14 - Consider the reaction. 8H2S(g)+4O2(g)8H2O(g)+S8(g)...Ch. 14 - Consider the reaction: C4H8(g)2C2H4(g) The...Ch. 14 - Consider the reaction: NO2(g)NO(g)+12O2(g) The...Ch. 14 - Consider the reaction. H2(g)+Br2(g)2HBr(g) The...Ch. 14 - Consider the reaction. 2H2O2(aq)2H2O(l)+O2(g) The...Ch. 14 - This graph shows a plot of the rate of a reaction...Ch. 14 - This graph shows a plot of the rate of a reaction...Ch. 14 - What are the units of k for each type of reaction?...Ch. 14 - This reaction is first order in N2O5:...Ch. 14 - A reaction in which A, B, and C react to form...Ch. 14 - A reaction in which A, B, and C react to form...Ch. 14 - Consider the tabulated data showing initial rate...Ch. 14 - Consider the tabulated data showing initial rate...Ch. 14 - The tabulated data were collected for this...Ch. 14 - The tabulated data were collected for this...Ch. 14 - Indicate the order of reaction consistent with...Ch. 14 - Indicate the order of reaction consistent with...Ch. 14 - The tabulated data show the concentration of AB...Ch. 14 - The tabulated data show the concentration of N2O5...Ch. 14 - The tabulated data show the concentration of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 52ECh. 14 - This reaction was monitored as a function of time:...Ch. 14 - This reaction was monitored as a function of time:...Ch. 14 - Prob. 55ECh. 14 - Prob. 56ECh. 14 - Prob. 57ECh. 14 - Prob. 58ECh. 14 - The diagram shows the energy of a reaction as the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 60ECh. 14 - Prob. 61ECh. 14 - Prob. 62ECh. 14 - Prob. 63ECh. 14 - The rate constant (k) for a reaction is measured...Ch. 14 - The tabulated data shown here were collected for...Ch. 14 - Prob. 66ECh. 14 - The tabulated data were collected for the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 68ECh. 14 - A reaction has a rate constant of 0.0117/s at...Ch. 14 - A reaction has a rate constant of 0.000122/s at...Ch. 14 - Prob. 71ECh. 14 - Prob. 72ECh. 14 - Prob. 73ECh. 14 - Prob. 74ECh. 14 - Prob. 75ECh. 14 - Prob. 76ECh. 14 - Consider this three-step mechanism for a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 78ECh. 14 - Prob. 79ECh. 14 - Prob. 80ECh. 14 - Suppose that a catalyst lowers the activation...Ch. 14 - The activation barrier for the hydrolysis of...Ch. 14 - The tabulated data were collected for this...Ch. 14 - Prob. 84ECh. 14 - Consider the reaction: A+B+CD The rate law for...Ch. 14 - Consider the reaction: 2O3(g)3O2(g) The rate law...Ch. 14 - At 700 K acetaldehyde decomposes in the gas phase...Ch. 14 - Prob. 88ECh. 14 - Dinitrogen pentoxide decomposes in the gas phase...Ch. 14 - Cyclopropane (C3H6) reacts to form propene (C3H6)...Ch. 14 - Iodine atoms combine to form I2 in liquid hexane...Ch. 14 - Prob. 92ECh. 14 - The reaction AB(aq)A(g)+B(g) is second order in AB...Ch. 14 - The reaction 2H2O2(aq)2H2O(l)+O2(g) is first order...Ch. 14 - Consider this energy diagram: a. How many...Ch. 14 - Consider the reaction in which HCI adds across the...Ch. 14 - The desorption of a single molecular layer of...Ch. 14 - The evaporation of a 120-nm film of n-pentane from...Ch. 14 - Prob. 99ECh. 14 - Prob. 100ECh. 14 - Prob. 101ECh. 14 - Consider the two reactions: O+N2NO+NEa= 315 kJ/mol...Ch. 14 - Anthropologists can estimate the age of a bone or...Ch. 14 - Prob. 104ECh. 14 - Consider the gas-phase reaction: H2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g)...Ch. 14 - Consider the reaction:...Ch. 14 - Prob. 107ECh. 14 - Prob. 108ECh. 14 - A certain substance X decomposes. Fifty percent of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 110ECh. 14 - Prob. 111ECh. 14 - Prob. 112ECh. 14 - Prob. 113ECh. 14 - Prob. 114ECh. 14 - Prob. 115ECh. 14 - Prob. 116ECh. 14 - Phosgene (Cl2CO), a poison gas used in World War...Ch. 14 - The rate of decomposition of N2O3(g) to NO2(g) and...Ch. 14 - At 473 K, for the elementary reaction...Ch. 14 - Prob. 120ECh. 14 - Prob. 121ECh. 14 - A particular reaction, Aproducts has a rate that...Ch. 14 - Prob. 123ECh. 14 - A certain compound, A, reacts to form products...Ch. 14 - Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas emitted by...Ch. 14 - This graph shows the concentration of the reactant...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2SAQCh. 14 - Prob. 3SAQCh. 14 - Prob. 4SAQCh. 14 - Prob. 5SAQCh. 14 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 14 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 14 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 14 - The rate constant of a reaction is measured at...Ch. 14 - Prob. 10SAQCh. 14 - The mechanism shown here is proposed for the...Ch. 14 - Prob. 12SAQCh. 14 - These images represent the first-order reaction AB...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14SAQCh. 14 - Prob. 15SAQ
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- If a reaction has the same rate constant, what time does it take for a reactant to decrease by 5 that is, still near the beginning of the reaction process if the kinetics are zeroth-order, first-order, and second-order with respect to that reactant?arrow_forwardAn aqueous reaction that uses the solvent H2O as a reactant has a given rate law of rate=k[H2O][A] Where A is the other reactant species. Explain why, in most circumstances, this reaction can be defined in terms of pseudo first-order kinetics. What are the units on the rate constant?arrow_forwardOne can also define a third-life, t1/3, which is the amount of time necessary for one-third of an original amount of reactant to react. a For which order of kinetics is the third-life a constant? b Derive an expression for the t1/3 of a zeroth-order reaction. For how many third-lives will the reaction proceed before completion?arrow_forward
- The hydrolysis of the sugar sucrose to the sugars glucose and fructose, C12H22O11+H2OC6H12O6+C6H12O6 follows a first-order rate equation for the disappearance of sucrose: Rate =k[C12H22O11] (The products of the reaction, glucose and fructose, have the same molecular formulas but differ in the arrangement of the atoms in their molecules.) (a) In neutral solution, k=2.11011s1 at 27 C and 8.51011s1 at 37 C. Determine the activation energy, the frequency factor, and the rate constant for this equation at 47 C (assuming the kinetics remain consistent with the Arrhenius equation at this temperature). (b) When a solution of sucrose with an initial concentration of 0.150 M reaches equilibrium, the concentration of sucrose is 1.65107M . How long will it take the solution to reach equilibrium at 27 C in the absence of a catalyst? Because the concentration of sucrose at equilibrium is so low, assume that the reaction is irreversible. (c) Why does assuming that the reaction is irreversible simplify the calculation in pan (b)?arrow_forwardMany biochemical reactions are catalyzed by acids. A typical mechanism consistent with the experimental results (in which HA is the acid and X is the reactant) is Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Derive the rate law from this mechanism. Determine the order of reaction with respect to HA. Determine how doubling the concentration of HA would affect the rate of the reaction.arrow_forwardApply the method of initial rates to determine the order of a chemical reaction with respect to Reactant X. Create a set of hypothetical experimental data that would lead you to conclude that the reaction is second order in X.arrow_forward
- In a first-order reaction, suppose that a quantity X of a reactant is added at regular intervals of time, t. At first the amount of reactant in the system builds up; eventually, however, it levels off at a saturation value given by the expression a saturation value saturationvalue= x110a where a=0.30tt1/2 This analysis applies to prescription drugs, of which you take a certain amount each day. Suppose that you take 0.100 g of a drug three times a day and that the half-life for elimination is 2.0 days. Using this equation, calculate the mass of the drug in the body at saturation. Suppose further that side effects show up when 0.500 g of the drug accumulates in the body. As a pharmacist, what is the maximum dosage you could assign to a patient for an 8-h period without causing side effects?arrow_forwardExplain why half-lives are not normally used to describe reactions other than first order.arrow_forwardThe hydrolysis of the sugar sucrose to the sugars glucose and fructose follows a first-order rate equation for the disappearance of sucrose. C12H22O11(aq)+H2O(l)C6H12O6(aq)+C6H12O6(aq) Rate =k[C12H22O11] In neutral solution, k=2.11011 at 27 C. (As indicated by the rate constant, this is a very slow reaction. In the human body, the rate of this reaction is sped up by a type of catalyst called an enzyme.) (Note: That is not a mistake in the equation—the products of the reaction, glucose and fructose, have the same molecular formulas, C6H12O6, but differ in the arrangement of the atoms in their molecules). The equilibrium constant for the reaction is 1.36105 at 27 C. What are the concentrations of glucose, fructose, and sucrose after a 0.150 M aqueous solution of sucrose has reached equilibrium? Remember that the activity of a solvent (the effective concentration) is 1.arrow_forward
- If you know some calculus, derive the integrated second-order rate law for the reaction 2Aproducts Follow the same steps listed in Question 121.arrow_forwardAs with any drug, aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) must remain in the bloodstream long enough to be effective. Assume that the removal of aspirin from the bloodstream into the urine is a lirst-order reaction, with a half-life of about 3 hours. The instructions on an aspirin bottle say to take 1 or 2 tablets every 4 hours. If a person takes 2 aspirin tablets, how much aspirin remains in the bloodstream when it is time for the second dose? (A standard tablet contains 325 mg of aspirin.)arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between the integrated and differential forms of the rate law?arrow_forward
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