Chapter 14, Problem 103IAE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason for not using more than 6 qt of antifreeze for the maximum protection against the freezing needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The use of water is limited to the temperature range $0{}^{0}C-100{}^{0}C$, because it exists as a liquid in this temperature range. We can expand this range by adding a non-volatile solute to water. Non-volatile solute causes freezing point depression and boiling point elevation. The most common application of this phenomenon is using an antifreeze like ethylene glycol in water in automobile radiator. Ethylene glycol prevents water from freezing at very cold weather and prevents water from vaporizing and generating enough pressure to explode at very high temperatures.