To examine: Whether the statement, “In all events involving fusion of a vesicle to a target membrane, the cytosolic leaflets of the vesicle and target bilayers always fuse together, as do the leaflets that are not in contact with the cytosol”, is true or false. Introduction: There are many protein molecules that are involved in the fusion of vesicle. The vesicle pinches off from the membrane. The pinching-off process brings the two non-cytosolic leaflets of the membrane into close proximity and fuses them, sealing off the forming vesicle.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1P

Summary Introduction

To examine: Whether the statement, “In all events involving fusion of a vesicle to a target membrane, the cytosolic leaflets of the vesicle and target bilayers always fuse together, as do the leaflets that are not in contact with the cytosol”, is true or false.

Introduction: There are many protein molecules that are involved in the fusion of vesicle. The vesicle pinches off from the membrane. The pinching-off process brings the two non-cytosolic leaflets of the membrane into close proximity and fuses them, sealing off the forming vesicle.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer: The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Phospholipid bilayer is composed of two leaflets (cytosolic and non-cytosolic) of amphipathic lipid molecules whose polar head groups are in contrast with the intracellular or extracellular aqueous phage, whereas the non-polar tails face each other constituting hydrophobic interior of the membrane in the vesicle. The events of fusion of two membranes always begin with the contact and fusion of cytosolic leaflets of the two membrane bilayers. It is followed by the fusion of non-cytosolic leaflets of the cell membranes. The protein domains that face the cytosol always fuse in this manner that help to maintain the topology of the membrane proteins. Thus, fusion of vesicle to a target membrane includes fusion of cytosolic leaflet, followed by non-cytosolic leaflet of vesicle and the target membrane.

Hence, the statement is true.

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We will be starting a group project next week where you and your group will research and ultimately present on a current research article related to the biology of a pathogen that infects humans. The article could be about the pathogen itself, the disease process related to the pathogen, the immune response to the pathogen, vaccines or treatments that affect the pathogen, or other biology-related study about the pathogen. I recommend that you choose a pathogen that is currently interesting to researchers, so that you will be able to find plenty of articles about it. Avoid choosing a historical disease that no longer circulates. List 3 possible pathogens or diseases that you might want to do for your group project.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1P

Summary Introduction

To examine: Whether the statement, “In all events involving fusion of a vesicle to a target membrane, the cytosolic leaflets of the vesicle and target bilayers always fuse together, as do the leaflets that are not in contact with the cytosol”, is true or false.

Introduction: There are many protein molecules that are involved in the fusion of vesicle. The vesicle pinches off from the membrane. The pinching-off process brings the two non-cytosolic leaflets of the membrane into close proximity and fuses them, sealing off the forming vesicle.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer: The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Phospholipid bilayer is composed of two leaflets (cytosolic and non-cytosolic) of amphipathic lipid molecules whose polar head groups are in contrast with the intracellular or extracellular aqueous phage, whereas the non-polar tails face each other constituting hydrophobic interior of the membrane in the vesicle. The events of fusion of two membranes always begin with the contact and fusion of cytosolic leaflets of the two membrane bilayers. It is followed by the fusion of non-cytosolic leaflets of the cell membranes. The protein domains that face the cytosol always fuse in this manner that help to maintain the topology of the membrane proteins. Thus, fusion of vesicle to a target membrane includes fusion of cytosolic leaflet, followed by non-cytosolic leaflet of vesicle and the target membrane.

Hence, the statement is true.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1P

Summary Introduction

To examine: Whether the statement, “In all events involving fusion of a vesicle to a target membrane, the cytosolic leaflets of the vesicle and target bilayers always fuse together, as do the leaflets that are not in contact with the cytosol”, is true or false.

Introduction: There are many protein molecules that are involved in the fusion of vesicle. The vesicle pinches off from the membrane. The pinching-off process brings the two non-cytosolic leaflets of the membrane into close proximity and fuses them, sealing off the forming vesicle.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer: The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Phospholipid bilayer is composed of two leaflets (cytosolic and non-cytosolic) of amphipathic lipid molecules whose polar head groups are in contrast with the intracellular or extracellular aqueous phage, whereas the non-polar tails face each other constituting hydrophobic interior of the membrane in the vesicle. The events of fusion of two membranes always begin with the contact and fusion of cytosolic leaflets of the two membrane bilayers. It is followed by the fusion of non-cytosolic leaflets of the cell membranes. The protein domains that face the cytosol always fuse in this manner that help to maintain the topology of the membrane proteins. Thus, fusion of vesicle to a target membrane includes fusion of cytosolic leaflet, followed by non-cytosolic leaflet of vesicle and the target membrane.

Hence, the statement is true.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1P

Summary Introduction

To examine: Whether the statement, “In all events involving fusion of a vesicle to a target membrane, the cytosolic leaflets of the vesicle and target bilayers always fuse together, as do the leaflets that are not in contact with the cytosol”, is true or false.

Introduction: There are many protein molecules that are involved in the fusion of vesicle. The vesicle pinches off from the membrane. The pinching-off process brings the two non-cytosolic leaflets of the membrane into close proximity and fuses them, sealing off the forming vesicle.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer: The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Phospholipid bilayer is composed of two leaflets (cytosolic and non-cytosolic) of amphipathic lipid molecules whose polar head groups are in contrast with the intracellular or extracellular aqueous phage, whereas the non-polar tails face each other constituting hydrophobic interior of the membrane in the vesicle. The events of fusion of two membranes always begin with the contact and fusion of cytosolic leaflets of the two membrane bilayers. It is followed by the fusion of non-cytosolic leaflets of the cell membranes. The protein domains that face the cytosol always fuse in this manner that help to maintain the topology of the membrane proteins. Thus, fusion of vesicle to a target membrane includes fusion of cytosolic leaflet, followed by non-cytosolic leaflet of vesicle and the target membrane.

Hence, the statement is true.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 1P

Summary Introduction

To examine: Whether the statement, “In all events involving fusion of a vesicle to a target membrane, the cytosolic leaflets of the vesicle and target bilayers always fuse together, as do the leaflets that are not in contact with the cytosol”, is true or false.

Introduction: There are many protein molecules that are involved in the fusion of vesicle. The vesicle pinches off from the membrane. The pinching-off process brings the two non-cytosolic leaflets of the membrane into close proximity and fuses them, sealing off the forming vesicle.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer: The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Phospholipid bilayer is composed of two leaflets (cytosolic and non-cytosolic) of amphipathic lipid molecules whose polar head groups are in contrast with the intracellular or extracellular aqueous phage, whereas the non-polar tails face each other constituting hydrophobic interior of the membrane in the vesicle. The events of fusion of two membranes always begin with the contact and fusion of cytosolic leaflets of the two membrane bilayers. It is followed by the fusion of non-cytosolic leaflets of the cell membranes. The protein domains that face the cytosol always fuse in this manner that help to maintain the topology of the membrane proteins. Thus, fusion of vesicle to a target membrane includes fusion of cytosolic leaflet, followed by non-cytosolic leaflet of vesicle and the target membrane.

Hence, the statement is true.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 1P

Summary Introduction

To examine: Whether the statement, “In all events involving fusion of a vesicle to a target membrane, the cytosolic leaflets of the vesicle and target bilayers always fuse together, as do the leaflets that are not in contact with the cytosol”, is true or false.

Introduction: There are many protein molecules that are involved in the fusion of vesicle. The vesicle pinches off from the membrane. The pinching-off process brings the two non-cytosolic leaflets of the membrane into close proximity and fuses them, sealing off the forming vesicle.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer: The statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Phospholipid bilayer is composed of two leaflets (cytosolic and non-cytosolic) of amphipathic lipid molecules whose polar head groups are in contrast with the intracellular or extracellular aqueous phage, whereas the non-polar tails face each other constituting hydrophobic interior of the membrane in the vesicle. The events of fusion of two membranes always begin with the contact and fusion of cytosolic leaflets of the two membrane bilayers. It is followed by the fusion of non-cytosolic leaflets of the cell membranes. The protein domains that face the cytosol always fuse in this manner that help to maintain the topology of the membrane proteins. Thus, fusion of vesicle to a target membrane includes fusion of cytosolic leaflet, followed by non-cytosolic leaflet of vesicle and the target membrane.

Hence, the statement is true.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 1P

Summary Introduction

To examine: Whether the statement, “In all events involving fusion of a vesicle to a target membrane, the cytosolic leaflets of the vesicle and target bilayers always fuse together, as do the leaflets that are not in contact with the cytosol”, is true or false.

Introduction: There are many protein molecules that are involved in the fusion of vesicle. The vesicle pinches off from the membrane. The pinching-off process brings the two non-cytosolic leaflets of the membrane into close proximity and fuses them, sealing off the forming vesicle.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer: The statement is true.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Phospholipid bilayer is composed of two leaflets (cytosolic and non-cytosolic) of amphipathic lipid molecules whose polar head groups are in contrast with the intracellular or extracellular aqueous phage, whereas the non-polar tails face each other constituting hydrophobic interior of the membrane in the vesicle. The events of fusion of two membranes always begin with the contact and fusion of cytosolic leaflets of the two membrane bilayers. It is followed by the fusion of non-cytosolic leaflets of the cell membranes. The protein domains that face the cytosol always fuse in this manner that help to maintain the topology of the membrane proteins. Thus, fusion of vesicle to a target membrane includes fusion of cytosolic leaflet, followed by non-cytosolic leaflet of vesicle and the target membrane.

Hence, the statement is true.

Answer 12

Ch. 13 - Prob. 1P Ch. 13 - Prob. 2P Ch. 13 - Prob. 3P Ch. 13 - Prob. 4P Ch. 13 - Prob. 5P Ch. 13 - Prob. 6P Ch. 13 - Prob. 7P Ch. 13 - Prob. 8P Ch. 13 - Prob. 9P Ch. 13 - Prob. 10P

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Answer to Problem 1P

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