Chapter 1.3, Problem 1NV

Summary Introduction

To fill:

The blanks with correct terms.

Introduction:

A scientific investigation is defined as a process of answering the probable cause of a phenomenon. It is carried out in several steps which includes observation of a phenomenon and forming a hypothesis. The hypothesis is then tested in a stepwise experiment, which ultimately leads to the formation of theories.

Answer to Problem 1NV

The given blanks can be filled as follows:

S. no.	Correct term
1	Data
2	Experimental group
3	Observation
4	Control group
5	Scientific method
6	Dependent variable
7	Constant
8	Independent variable
9	Hypothesis
10	Experiment
11	Inference
12	SI unit
13	Metric

Explanation of Solution

Data: Data is defined as a set of information, which is gained from observations during an experiment or sample collection.

Experimental Group: Experimental group or testing group is referred to as a group on which any factor is being tested for studying its effect.

Observation: Observation is a method of collecting data during an experiment or before an experiment, which helps in concluding plausible causes of a phenomenon.

Control group: In an experiment, a control group is a group, in which all factors except the factor that is being tested are present. It acts as a source of reference for observing changes in the test group.

Scientific method: A scientific method is a series of tests and techniques, which helps in finding out a conclusion for an unexplained phenomenon.

Dependent variable: There are two types of variables in an experiment, independent and dependent. Dependent variables are those variables that change in an experiment depending on changes in independent variables.

Constant: In an experiment, constants are valuesthat remain unchanged irrespective of other values.

Independent variable: Independent variables are those variables, which are not dependent on other factors for change. In an experiment, it is a variable, which is tested and affects the overall outcomes of an experiment. For example, in an experiment where a minimum antibiotic dose for killing bacteria is being studied, the dose is an independent variable, as the bacteria will be tested for different dose values. Death of bacteria is a dependent variable (depending on strength of the antibiotic used).

Hypothesis: A hypothesis can be defined as an educated guess or idea for explaining an existing situation, which is testable by scientific methods.

Experiment: An experiment is a stepwise setup of performing a certain investigation. It is performed in a controlled manner to check if the hypothesis is correct or not.

Inference: It is a logical conclusion based on the results obtained during a scientific investigation.

SI units: SI unit is the system of physical units, which is used to indicate the value of any quantity. It has 7 basic units, meter, second, mole, kilogram, kelvin, candela, and ampere.

Metric: A metric system is used to indicate the value of units, which represents the division of units in the power of 10.