Concept explainers
To explain: The number of the Ty2 strain of Salmonella typhi that was able to enter normal cells (those heterozygous for the normal allele) than cells heterozygous for the ΔF508 allele.
Concept introduction: Allele is the modification of the gene. Salmonella typhi is the causative bacteria of typhoid. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder due to the inability of the cell to perform endocytosis due to the mutation in the CFTR gene. Cystic fibrosis affects the lungs, intestine, liver, and kidneys. Endocytosis is a phenomenon where the cell takes up the molecules by engulfing with its membrane. The S. typhi exploits this mechanism to infect the intestinal cell and causes diarrhea. The cells that are homozygous for this CFTR mutation cannot perform endocytosis and the S. typhi cannot infect those individuals.
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Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
- The gene controlling ABO blood type and the gene underlying nail-patella syndrome are said to show linkage. What does that mean in terms of their relative locations in the genome? What does it mean in terms of how the two traits are inherited with respect to each other?arrow_forwardA wild-type mouse that is heterozygous for two immunoglobulin heavy chain alleles (IgHa/b) generates the population of B cells shown on the left of the figure below. A mouse strain, also IgHa/b, carries an inactivating mutation in the VpreB gene. In addition to producing fewer mature B cells than the wild-type mice, the VpreB-deficient mice generate B cells as shown on the right. What is the explanation of the difference seen between the wild-type and the VpreB-mutant B cells?arrow_forwardA. Your laboratory requires you to look into the gene identified from Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2. The gene has been deposited in NCBI and annotated as STM3777 cytoplasmic protein [ Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2 ]; GenBank: AE006468.2. 1. Where is this gene location in the bacterial genome? 2. What is the length of the gene? 3. Obtain the FASTA format of this gene sequence. 4. Translate the nucleotide sequence to protein sequence. 5. Can you postulate the function of this gene using bioinformatics tool? Try both nucleotide blast and protein blast.arrow_forward
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- Hyper-IgE syndrome, also known as Job’s syndrome, is an immunodeficiency disease resulting from the lack of function of a single gene (gene ‘X’). Patients with this disease are highly susceptible to infections with extracellular bacteria and fungi, most frequently including Staphylococcus aureus infections and Candida albicans infections in the skin. Analysis of the various immune cell compartments indicates that these patients have normal numbers of each cell lineage (i.e., CD4 and CD8 T cells, B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, NK cells, granulocytes, etc.), and normal levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies, but higher than normal levels of IgE. Given this information, name a likely component of the immune response that could be impaired in these patients.arrow_forwardCap, EA1, and Sap are all genes/proteins of interest in this study. For each gene, what gene product is encoded and where is the gene (the literal DNA sequence) located physically in the cell? I need help fimiding this in the artticle and answer as short as possible https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106848/arrow_forwardPlease answer asap and in shortarrow_forward
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