Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260163698
Author: Cowan
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 13, Problem 11Q
Is antibody diversity generated at the DNA or RNA level? Explain.
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Explain whether the antibody diversity is generated at the DNA or RNA level.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1AYPCh. 13.1 - Compare the terms antigen, immunogen, and epitope.Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 3AYPCh. 13.1 - Prob. 4AYPCh. 13.1 - Describe the major histocompatibility complex in...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1NPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 6AYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 8AYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 9AYP
Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 1MMCh. 13.2 - Prob. 2MMCh. 13.3 - List characteristics of antigens that optimize...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 13.3 - Prob. 12AYPCh. 13.3 - Prob. 2NPCh. 13.4 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 13.4 - Explain how naive T cells become sensitized to an...Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 13.5 - Diagram the steps in B-cell activation, including...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 13.5 - Explain the various end results of antibody...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 19AYPCh. 13.5 - Draw and label a graphwith time on the horizontal...Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 13.6 - Discuss the qualities of an effective vaccine.Ch. 13.6 - Name the two major categories of vaccines and then...Ch. 13.6 - Explain the principle of herd immunity and the...Ch. 13.6 - 3. Which characteristic is associated with passive...Ch. 13 - A single bacterium has _______ epitope(s). a. a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2QCh. 13 - Provide an explanation to refute the following...Ch. 13 - The primary B-cell receptor is a. IgD. b. IgA. c....Ch. 13 - Name three antigen-presenting cells, and what...Ch. 13 - Major histocompatibility molecules are critical...Ch. 13 - In humans, B cells mature in the ___ and T cells...Ch. 13 - Explain how the memory response is the cornerstone...Ch. 13 - Conduct research on clonal deletion and write a...Ch. 13 - Which of the following cells is capable of...Ch. 13 - Is antibody diversity generated at the DNA or RNA...Ch. 13 - In order for gene rearrangement of antigen...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13QCh. 13 - Prob. 14QCh. 13 - Using the details of T-cell activation, suggest a...Ch. 13 - A vaccine that contains parts of viruses is called...Ch. 13 - Explain how herd immunity works to protect the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 18QCh. 13 - Prob. 19QCh. 13 - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia leads to the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 21QCh. 13 - Prob. 1VC
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- Describe the genetic basis of antibody diversity.arrow_forwardDescribe the three processes responsible for antibody diversity, estimating the diversity each produces.arrow_forwardWhat is the smallest unit of an antibody that can retain the specificity and binding affinity of the whole protein?arrow_forward
- How are antibodies unique? Please discuss the structure of an antibody. What are the V and C regions? Discuss how the few hundred genes involved are capable of making endless amounts of antibodies. Besides medical treatment what is another way antibodies can be used?arrow_forwardWhy does the eliza with two antibodies incubate after adding the substrates?arrow_forwardWhich cleavage pattern (indicated by the red triangles in figure below) yields a fragment that has the same antigen-binding avidity as the intact antibody, but is unable to activate complement after binding to a pathogen?arrow_forward
- Consider a pencil-shaped protein with two epitopes, Y (the “eraser” end) and Z (the “point” end). They are recognized by antibodies A1 and A2, respectively. Draw and label a picture showing the antibodies linking proteins into a complex that could trigger endocytosis by a macrophage.arrow_forwardDiagram the structure of an antibody. What parts bind toantigens? Why does each antibody bind only to one or afew specific antigens?arrow_forwardIn addition to combinatorial joining, what other two processes play a role in antibody diversity?arrow_forward
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