Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260163698
Author: Cowan
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 13, Problem 3Q
Provide an explanation to refute the following statement: Humans cannot develop specific immunity to a novel biological agent created in a laboratory.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Describe the ways in which each of the following pathogens can disarm their host’s immune system or manipulate it to their own advantage:a. Pathogenic strains of Staphylococcusb. Enveloped viruses
Use the following choices for the next set of questions. A choice may be used zero or more times:
a)Complement
b) B cells
c) T cells
d) more than one of these
6)Part of the innate immune response
7)Often found concentrated in the lymph nodes
8)Expresses MHC Class I
9)Can be a plasma cell
10) Capable of inducing cytotoxicity of self cells
11) Directly participates in ADCC
12) Forms membrane attack complex
13) Undergoes affinity maturation
14) Produces molecules capable of neutralizing soluble toxins in serum
15) Undergoes somatic hypermutation
16) Produces molecules which serve as opsonins
17) Relies on immunologic signal transduction for proper operation
18) Undergoes clonal expansion
19) Considered part of the endothelium
20) Capable of producing granzyme
Which of the following is the best definition of antigen?
Question 8 options:
A)
something foreign in the body
B)
a substance that elicits an immune response
C)
a chemical that combines with antibodies
D)
a pathogen
Chapter 13 Solutions
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1AYPCh. 13.1 - Compare the terms antigen, immunogen, and epitope.Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 3AYPCh. 13.1 - Prob. 4AYPCh. 13.1 - Describe the major histocompatibility complex in...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1NPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 6AYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 8AYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 9AYP
Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 1MMCh. 13.2 - Prob. 2MMCh. 13.3 - List characteristics of antigens that optimize...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 13.3 - Prob. 12AYPCh. 13.3 - Prob. 2NPCh. 13.4 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 13.4 - Explain how naive T cells become sensitized to an...Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 13.5 - Diagram the steps in B-cell activation, including...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 13.5 - Explain the various end results of antibody...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 19AYPCh. 13.5 - Draw and label a graphwith time on the horizontal...Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 13.6 - Discuss the qualities of an effective vaccine.Ch. 13.6 - Name the two major categories of vaccines and then...Ch. 13.6 - Explain the principle of herd immunity and the...Ch. 13.6 - 3. Which characteristic is associated with passive...Ch. 13 - A single bacterium has _______ epitope(s). a. a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2QCh. 13 - Provide an explanation to refute the following...Ch. 13 - The primary B-cell receptor is a. IgD. b. IgA. c....Ch. 13 - Name three antigen-presenting cells, and what...Ch. 13 - Major histocompatibility molecules are critical...Ch. 13 - In humans, B cells mature in the ___ and T cells...Ch. 13 - Explain how the memory response is the cornerstone...Ch. 13 - Conduct research on clonal deletion and write a...Ch. 13 - Which of the following cells is capable of...Ch. 13 - Is antibody diversity generated at the DNA or RNA...Ch. 13 - In order for gene rearrangement of antigen...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13QCh. 13 - Prob. 14QCh. 13 - Using the details of T-cell activation, suggest a...Ch. 13 - A vaccine that contains parts of viruses is called...Ch. 13 - Explain how herd immunity works to protect the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 18QCh. 13 - Prob. 19QCh. 13 - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia leads to the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 21QCh. 13 - Prob. 1VC
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Select all of the following that are functions performed by different antibodies. ( select all the correct answers) Group of answer choices a) Attracting natural killer cells to destroy an infected cell. b) Blocking the ability of a pathogen to bind to a host cell c) Lysing a pathogen cell wall or lipid bilayer. d) Marking a pathogen so that innate immune cells destroy the pathogen. e) Helping complement proteins bind to a pathogen.arrow_forwardIn relation to immunotechnology, answer the following: explain the reason behind developing different forms of Monoclonal antibodies (chimeric MABs, humanized MABs, and fully human MABs)arrow_forwardThe following reactions are all antigen(Ag)-antibody(Ab) complexes. Match the description with the best reaction. Use each option only once.1. Antibodies react with soluble antigens and when they do, a complex forms that comes out of solution (e.g. is now insoluble).2. Reaction with insoluble antigens (a particle such as a cell with an antigen), rather than a soluble antigen.3. Antibodies coat antigens and enhances phagocytosis4. Antibodies with their antigen involve the complement proteins; can cause the invading organism to lyseAnswer choices to MATCH with the above sentences are:-Agglutination-Precipitin-Complement Fixation-Opsonizationarrow_forward
- This is a hypothetical scenario. A recently emerged virus has been transmitting and mutating rapidly in humans throughout the world. If a vaccine that stops transmission of all current circulating variants of the virus in humans is utilized and herd immunity is achieved throughout the world, would this essentially stop 1) further transmission of the virus; 2) further mutation of the virus, respectively? Why/why not? Please answer the question succinctly and in bullet points!arrow_forwardExplain the following concept in human physiology and cite clinical instances, where applicable A. Immunological tolerance B. Hypersensitive reactionarrow_forwardSelect all of the following that are functions performed by different antibodies. a) Group of answer choices b) Attracting natural killer cells to destroy an infected cell. c) Blocking the ability of a pathogen to bind to a host cell d) Lysing a pathogen cell wall or lipid bilayer. e) Marking a pathogen so that innate immune cells destroy the pathogen. f) Helping complement proteins bind to a pathogen.arrow_forward
- Match the following principles to its respective concepts. Match each item to a choice: Innate Immune System Immune System Adaptive Immune System Choices: : Physiological System for Infection Control : Protective Barriers for Infection : Prolonged Protection for Infectionarrow_forwardAutoimmunity produces reactions that resemble which of the following hypersensitivity reactions? a)Type I, II, III and IV b)Type II, III and IV c)Type I, II and III d)Type I, III an IV e)none of the choices are correctarrow_forwardA friend was recently diagnosed with strep throat. One week after their treatment, his symptoms returned. Your friend tells you, "I must have become immune to the drug the doctor gave me." Discuss the validity of your friend's statement, providing support for or refuting their claim.arrow_forward
- Describe how the principle of herd immunity works to protect unvaccinated individuals. What characteristics of the pathogen or of the host do you think would most impact the degree to which this principle begins to take hold?arrow_forwardProvide an example of a passive immunity created artificially. How does the vaccinated person gain from artificial passive immunity?arrow_forwardWhat are features of adaptive immunity? Select all that apply. Antigen receptors are produced by gene recombination. There is no long-term persistence of immunity. The response time is about a week. Specificity is limited to about 1,000 PAMPS.arrow_forward
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