Chapter 12.6, Problem 12.15P

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The increasing order of the boiling points of the below compounds has to be determined.

${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{I,}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{Cl,}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{F}$

Boiling point of alkyl halides:

Alkyl group with one halogen atom is a polar molecule and has net dipole; therefore, it has higher boiling and melting points than normal alkanes. If the same number of carbon atoms present with and without halogen, the halogen containing carbon atoms have more boiling and melting points than halogen without carbon atoms. The ranking of boiling points depend on the size of halogen as well as alkyl chain. In case of the alkyl chain, the boiling point increased with increase in the alkyl groups. This is because when increase in the alkyl groups, the surface area also increases. On the other hand, the boiling point increases with the increase in the size of halogen. Bigger the size of halogen, higher is the boiling point.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The increasing order of the boiling points of the below compounds has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Refer to part a.