The line structured should be converted into condensed structure. Condensed structure: A shorthand way of drawing structures in which C-C and C-H bonds are understood rather than shown. Line structure are a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present. Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple: It follows the following guide line: Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line. Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represent a carbon atom. Any atom other than another’s carbon or a hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown. Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12.4, Problem 12.7P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The line structured should be converted into condensed structure.

Condensed structure:

A shorthand way of drawing structures in which C-C and C-H bonds are understood rather than shown.

Line structure are a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present.

Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represent a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or a hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The line structured should be converted into condensed structure.

Condensed structure:

A shorthand way of drawing structures in which C-C and C-H bonds are understood rather than shown.

Line structure are a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present.

Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represent a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or a hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

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1. (10 points) Pulverized coal pellets, which may be ° approximated as carbon spheres of radius r = 1 mm, are burned in a pure oxygen atmosphere at 1450 K and 1 atm. Oxygen is transferred to the particle surface by diffusion, where it is consumed in the reaction C + O₂ →> CO₂. The reaction rate is first order and of the form No2 = k₁C₁₂(r), where k₁ = 0.1 m/s. Neglecting changes in r, determine the steady-state O₂ molar consumption rate in kmol/s. At 1450 K, the binary diffusion coefficient for O2 and CO2 is 1.71 x 10ª m²/s.

2. (20 points) Consider combustion of hydrogen gas in a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen adjacent to the metal wall of a combustion chamber. Combustion occurs at constant temperature and pressure according to the chemical reaction 2H₂+ O₂→ 2H₂O. Measurements under steady-state conditions at 10 mm from the wall indicate that the molar concentrations of hydrogen, oxygen, and water vapor are 0.10, 0.10, and 0.20 kmol/m³, respectively. The generation rate of water vapor is 0.96x102 kmol/m³s throughout the region of interest. The binary diffusion coefficient for each of the species (H, O̟, and H₂O) in the remaining species is 0.6 X 10-5 m²/s. (a) Determine an expression for and make a qualitative plot of C as a function of distance from the wall. H2 (b) Determine the value of C2 at the wall. H2 (c) On the same coordinates used in part (a), sketch curves for the concentrations of oxygen and water vapor. This will require you to calculate Co, and C. 02 H20 (d) What is the molar flux of water…

4. (15 points) Consider a spherical organism of radius ro within which respiration occurs at a uniform volumetric rate of That is, oxygen (species A) consumption is governed by a first- order reaction, homogeneous chemical reaction. a. If a molar concentration of CA(ro) = CA,o is maintained at the surface of the organism, obtain an expression for the radial distribution of oxygen, CA(r), within the organism. Hint: To simplify solution of the species diffusion equation, invoke the transformation y = rCA. b. Obtain an expression for the rate of oxygen consumption within the organism. c. Consider an organism of radius ro = 0.10 mm and a diffusion coefficient of DAB = 108 m2/s. If CA, o = 5 x105 kmol/m3 and k1 20 s1, estimate the corresponding value of the molar concentration at the center of the organism. What is the rate of oxygen consumption by the organism?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12.4, Problem 12.7P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The line structured should be converted into condensed structure.

Condensed structure:

A shorthand way of drawing structures in which C-C and C-H bonds are understood rather than shown.

Line structure are a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present.

Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represent a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or a hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The line structured should be converted into condensed structure.

Condensed structure:

A shorthand way of drawing structures in which C-C and C-H bonds are understood rather than shown.

Line structure are a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present.

Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represent a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or a hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12.4, Problem 12.7P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The line structured should be converted into condensed structure.

Condensed structure:

A shorthand way of drawing structures in which C-C and C-H bonds are understood rather than shown.

Line structure are a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present.

Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represent a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or a hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The line structured should be converted into condensed structure.

Condensed structure:

A shorthand way of drawing structures in which C-C and C-H bonds are understood rather than shown.

Line structure are a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present.

Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represent a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or a hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12.4, Problem 12.7P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The line structured should be converted into condensed structure.

Condensed structure:

A shorthand way of drawing structures in which C-C and C-H bonds are understood rather than shown.

Line structure are a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present.

Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represent a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or a hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The line structured should be converted into condensed structure.

Condensed structure:

A shorthand way of drawing structures in which C-C and C-H bonds are understood rather than shown.

Line structure are a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present.

Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represent a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or a hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 12.4, Problem 12.7P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The line structured should be converted into condensed structure.

Condensed structure:

A shorthand way of drawing structures in which C-C and C-H bonds are understood rather than shown.

Line structure are a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present.

Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represent a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or a hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The line structured should be converted into condensed structure.

Condensed structure:

A shorthand way of drawing structures in which C-C and C-H bonds are understood rather than shown.

Line structure are a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present.

Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represent a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or a hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Answer 6

Chapter 12.4, Problem 12.7P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The line structured should be converted into condensed structure.

Condensed structure:

A shorthand way of drawing structures in which C-C and C-H bonds are understood rather than shown.

Line structure are a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present.

Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represent a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or a hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Answer 7

Chapter 12.4, Problem 12.7P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The line structured should be converted into condensed structure.

Condensed structure:

A shorthand way of drawing structures in which C-C and C-H bonds are understood rather than shown.

Line structure are a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present.

Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represent a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or a hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The line structured should be converted into condensed structure.

Condensed structure:

A shorthand way of drawing structures in which C-C and C-H bonds are understood rather than shown.

Line structure are a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present.

Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represent a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or a hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The line structured should be converted into condensed structure.

Condensed structure:

A shorthand way of drawing structures in which C-C and C-H bonds are understood rather than shown.

Line structure are a simple and quick way to represent organic molecules without showing carbons and hydrogens present.

Drawing a molecule in this way is very simple:

It follows the following guide line:

Each carbon- carbon bond is represented by a line.

Anywhere a line ends or begins, as well as any vertex where two lines meet represent a carbon atom.

Any atom other than another’s carbon or a hydrogen attached to a carbon must be shown.

Since a neutral carbon atom form four bonds, all bonds not shown for any carbon are understood to be the number of carbon – hydrogen bonds needed to have.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 12.2 - Locate and identify the functional groups in (a)...Ch. 12.2 - Draw structures for molecules that fit the...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.3P Ch. 12.3 - There are two branched-chain isomers with the...Ch. 12.4 - Draw the following three isomers of C5H12 as...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 12.6P Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 12.7P Ch. 12.4 - Draw both condensed and line structures for the...Ch. 12.5 - Which of the following structures represent the...Ch. 12.5 - Are the pairs of compounds shown below the same...

Solution Summary: The author explains how the line structured should be converted into a condensed structure.

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Chapter 12 Solutions