Chapter 12.3, Problem 54E

Cigarette Smokers The following table gives a recent estimate (in millions) of the smoking status among persons 25 years of the age and over their highest level of education. Source: National health interview survey.

Education	Current smoker	Former smoker	Non smoker	Total
Less than a high school diploma	$7.90$	$6.66$	14.12	28.68
High school diploma or GED	$14.38$	$13.09$	25.70	53.17
Some collage	$12.41$	$13.55$	28.65	54.61
Bachelor’s degree or higher	$4.97$	$12.87$	38.34	56.18
Total	$39.66$	$46.17$	$106.81$	$192.64$

a. Find the probability that a person is a current smoker.

b. Find a probability that a person has less than a high school diploma.

c. Find a probability that a person is a current smoker and has less than a high school diploma.

d. Find the probability that a person is a current smoker, given that the person has less than a high school diploma.

e. Are the events “ current smoker” and “less than a high school diploma” independent events?