Calculus For The Life Sciences
Calculus For The Life Sciences
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321964038
Author: GREENWELL, Raymond N., RITCHEY, Nathan P., Lial, Margaret L.
Publisher: Pearson Addison Wesley,
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Concept explainers

Addition Rule of Probability
It simply refers to the likelihood of an event taking place whenever the occurrence of an event is uncertain. The probability of a single event can be calculated by dividing the number of successful trials of that event by the total number of trials.
Expected Value
When a large number of trials are performed for any random variable ‘X’, the predicted result is most likely the mean of all the outcomes for the random variable and it is known as expected value also known as expectation. The expected value, also known …
Probability Distributions
Understanding probability is necessary to know the probability distributions. In statistics, probability is how the uncertainty of an event is measured. This event can be anything. The most common examples include tossing a coin, rolling a die, or choosi…
Basic Probability
The simple definition of probability it is a chance of the occurrence of an event. It is defined in numerical form and the probability value is between 0 to 1. The probability value 0 indicates that there is no chance of that event occurring and the prob…
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Chapter 12.2, Problem 81E

The following description of the classic “Linda Problem” appeared in the “New Yorker”. In this experiment subjects are told, ‘Linda is thirty-one years old, single outspoken and very bright. She majored in philosophy. As a student, she was deeply concerned with the issue of discrimination and social justice and also participated in antinuclear demonstrations.’ They are then asked to rank the probability of several possible descriptions of Linda today. Two of them are ‘bank teller’ and ‘bank teller and active in feminist movement’”. Many people rank the second event as more likely. Explain why this violates basic concepts of probability. Source: New Yorker.

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Chapter 12 Solutions

Calculus For The Life Sciences

Ch. 12.1 - YOUR TURN Write the elements belonging to the set...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2YTCh. 12.1 - Prob. 3YTCh. 12.1 - Prob. 4YTCh. 12.1 - Prob. 1ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 2ECh. 12.1 - In Exercises 1-6, write true or false for each...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 4ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 5ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 6E
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 7ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 8ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 9ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 10ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 11ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 12ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 13ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 14ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 15ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 16ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 17ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 18ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 19ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 20ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 21ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 22ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 23ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 24ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 25ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 26ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 27ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 28ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 29ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 30ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 31ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 32ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 33ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 34ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 35ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 37ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 38ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 39ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 40ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 41ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 42ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 43ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 44ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 45ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 46ECh. 12.1 - What does the notation n(A) represent?Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 49ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 50ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 51ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 52ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 53ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 54ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 55ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 56ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 57ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 58ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 59ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 60ECh. 12.1 - Draw a Venn diagram and use the given information...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 62ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 63ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 64ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 65ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 66ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 67ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 68ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 69ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 70ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 71ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 72ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 73ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 74ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 77ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 78ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 79ECh. 12.1 - Military The number of female military personal in...Ch. 12.1 - Chinese New Year A survey of people attending a...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 86ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 87ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 88ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 89ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 90ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 91ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 92ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 93ECh. 12.2 - YOUR TURN 1 Two coins are tossed, and a head or a...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2YTCh. 12.2 - Prob. 3YTCh. 12.2 - Prob. 4YTCh. 12.2 - Prob. 5YTCh. 12.2 - Prob. 6YTCh. 12.2 - YOUR TURN 7 Find the probability that when two...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 8YTCh. 12.2 - Prob. 9YTCh. 12.2 - Prob. 10YTCh. 12.2 - Prob. 1ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 2ECh. 12.2 - Write the sample space for the experiments in...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 4ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 5ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 6ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 7ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 8ECh. 12.2 - For the experiments in Exercises 9-14, write out...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12ECh. 12.2 - For the experiments in Exercises 9-14,write out...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 14ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 15ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 16ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 17ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 18ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 19ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 20ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 21ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 22ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 23ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 24ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 25ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 26ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 27ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 28ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 29ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 30ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 31ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 32ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 33ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 34ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 35ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 36ECh. 12.2 - EXERCISES Decide whether the events in Exercises...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 38ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 39ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 40ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 41ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 42ECh. 12.2 - EXERCISES Two dice are rolled. Find the...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 44ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 45ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 46ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 47ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 48ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 49ECh. 12.2 - The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are written on slips...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 51ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 52ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 53ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 54ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 55ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 56ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 57ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 58ECh. 12.2 - EXERCISES Which of Exercises 5964are examples of...Ch. 12.2 - EXERCISES Which of Exercises 5964are examples of...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 61ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 62ECh. 12.2 - Which of Exercises 59-64 are examples of empirical...Ch. 12.2 - Which of Exercises 59-64 are examples of empirical...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 65ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 66ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 67ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 68ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 69ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 70ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 71ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 72ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 77ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 78ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 79ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 80ECh. 12.2 - The following description of the classic Linda...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 82ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 83ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 84ECh. 12.2 - Body Types A study on body types gave the...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 86ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 87ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 88ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 89ECh. 12.2 - Doctor VisitThe probability that a visit to a...Ch. 12.2 - Shoulder InjuriesAmong a large group of patients...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 92ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 93ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 94ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 95ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 96ECh. 12.2 - Book of Odds The following table gives the...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 98ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 99ECh. 12.2 - Civil War Estimates of the Confederate Armys...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 101ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 103ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 104ECh. 12.2 - Refugees In a refugee camp in southern Mexico it...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 106ECh. 12.2 - Chinese New Year Exercise 83 of the previous...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 108ECh. 12.3 - Your turn 1 In example 2, find P(A|F). EXAMPLE 2...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2YTCh. 12.3 - Prob. 3YTCh. 12.3 - YOUR TURN At a local college, 4/5 of the students...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 6YTCh. 12.3 - Prob. 7YTCh. 12.3 - YOUR TURN 8 The probability that a student will...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 1ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 2ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 3ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 4ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 5ECh. 12.3 - If two fair dices are rolled, find the...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 7ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 9ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 10ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 11ECh. 12.3 - If two cards are drawn without replacement from an...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 13ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 14ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 15ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 16ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 17ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 18ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 19ECh. 12.3 - Decide whether the following pairs of events are...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 21ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 22ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 23ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 24ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 25ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 26ECh. 12.3 - Another friend asks you to explain how to tell...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 28ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 29ECh. 12.3 - If A and B are events such that P(A)=0.5 and...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 31ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 32ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 33ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 34ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 35ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 36ECh. 12.3 - The following problem submitted by Daniel Hahn of...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 42ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 43ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 44ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 45ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 46ECh. 12.3 - The following table shows frequencies for...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 49ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 51ECh. 12.3 - Breast Cancer To explain why the chance of a woman...Ch. 12.3 - Cigarette Smokers The following table gives a...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 55ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 56ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 57ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 58ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 59ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 60ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 61ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 62ECh. 12.3 - Seat Belt Effectiveness A federal study showed...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 64ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 65ECh. 12.3 - Working Women A survey has shown that 52 of the...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 67ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 68ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 69ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 70ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 71ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 72ECh. 12.3 - Drivers License Test The Motor Vehicle Department...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 74ECh. 12.3 - Studying A teacher has found that the probability...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 76ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 77ECh. 12.3 - Alcohol Abstinence The Harvard School of Public...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 80ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 81ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 82ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 83ECh. 12.3 - Job QualificationsOf all the people applying for a...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 85ECh. 12.3 - Prob. 86ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 1YTCh. 12.4 - Prob. 2YTCh. 12.4 - Prob. 3YTCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 2ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 4ECh. 12.4 - Draw a histogram for the following, and shade the...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 6ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 7ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 8ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 9ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 10ECh. 12.4 - Find the expected value and standard deviation for...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 12ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 13ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 14ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 15ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 16ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 17ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 18ECh. 12.4 - Suppose a die is rolled 4 times. a. Find the...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 20ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 21ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 22ECh. 12.4 - Four slips of paper numbered 2, 3, 4, and 5 are in...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 24ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 25ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 26ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 27ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 28ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 29ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 30ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 31ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 32ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 33ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 34ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 35ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 36ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 37ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 38ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 39ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 40ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 41ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 42ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 43ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 44ECh. 12.CR - Determine whether each of the following statements...Ch. 12.CR - Prob. 2CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 3CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 4CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 5CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 6CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 7CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 8CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 9CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 10CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 11CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 12CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 13CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 14CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 15CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 16CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 17CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 18CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 19CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 20CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 21CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 22CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 23CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 24CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 25CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 26CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 27CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 28CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 29CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 30CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 31CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 32CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 33CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 34CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 35CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 36CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 37CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 38CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 39CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 40CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 41CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 42CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 43CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 44CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 45CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 46CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 47CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 48CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 49CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 50CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 51CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 52CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 53CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 54CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 55CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 56CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 57CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 58CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 59CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 60CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 61CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 62CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 63CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 64CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 65CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 66CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 67CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 68CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 69CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 70CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 71CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 72CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 73CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 74CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 75CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 76CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 77CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 78CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 79CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 80CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 81CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 82CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 83CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 84CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 85CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 86CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 87CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 88CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 89CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 90CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 91CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 92CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 93CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 94CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 97CRCh. 12.CR - Body Mass Index the results of a survey of body...Ch. 12.CR - Elections In the 2012 presidential election, over...Ch. 12.CR - Prob. 105CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 109CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 110CRCh. 12.CR - Prob. 112CRCh. 12.EA - Find P(H2C1).Ch. 12.EA - Prob. 2EACh. 12.EA - Prob. 3EA
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