
(a)
Interpretation:
The product for the given set of reactions should be identified.
Concept introduction:
Alcohol: It is one type of
Oxidation Reaction: It involves loss of electrons, addition of oxygen atoms or removal of hydrogen atoms. The oxidation of alcohol are achieved by using reagents like
Base: They are substance that gives
Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.
Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of
Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.
Carbocation: carbon atom bears positive charged species with three bonds is called Carbocation and it plays vital intermediate in
Carbocation’s are classified in to three types as primary, secondary and tertiary depending on the number of carbon atoms which is attached to the ionized carbon.
Tertiary carbocation is more stable than secondary carbocation, secondary carbocation is more stable than the primary carbocation as shown below.
(b)
Interpretation:
The product for the given set of reactions should be identified.
Concept introduction:
Alcohol: It is one type of functional group in organic chemistry in which carbon is singly bonded to one
Oxidation Reaction: It involves loss of electrons, addition of oxygen atoms or removal of hydrogen atoms. The oxidation of alcohol are achieved by using reagents like
Base: They are substance that gives
Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.
Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.
Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.
Carbocation: carbon atom bears positive charged species with three bonds is called Carbocation and it plays vital intermediate in organic synthesis. Carbocation migratory aptitude is mainly depends on the stability of the carbocation. This type of carbocation undergoes inter or intra molecule reactions and it form more stable product this type of rearrangement called carbocation rearrangement.
Carbocation’s are classified in to three types as primary, secondary and tertiary depending on the number of carbon atoms which is attached to the ionized carbon.
Tertiary carbocation is more stable than secondary carbocation, secondary carbocation is more stable than the primary carbocation as shown below.
(c)
Interpretation:
The product for the given set of reactions should be identified.
Concept introduction:
Alcohol: It is one type of functional group in organic chemistry in which carbon is singly bonded to one
Oxidation Reaction: It involves loss of electrons, addition of oxygen atoms or removal of hydrogen atoms. The oxidation of alcohol are achieved by using reagents like
Base: They are substance that gives
Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.
Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.
Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.
Carbocation: carbon atom bears positive charged species with three bonds is called Carbocation and it plays vital intermediate in organic synthesis. Carbocation migratory aptitude is mainly depends on the stability of the carbocation. This type of carbocation undergoes inter or intra molecule reactions and it form more stable product this type of rearrangement called carbocation rearrangement.
Carbocation’s are classified in to three types as primary, secondary and tertiary depending on the number of carbon atoms which is attached to the ionized carbon.
Tertiary carbocation is more stable than secondary carbocation, secondary carbocation is more stable than the primary carbocation as shown below.
(d)
Interpretation:
The product for the given set of reactions should be identified.
Concept introduction:
Alcohol: It is one type of functional group in organic chemistry in which carbon is singly bonded to one
Oxidation Reaction: It involves loss of electrons, addition of oxygen atoms or removal of hydrogen atoms. The oxidation of alcohol are achieved by using reagents like
Base: They are substance that gives
Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.
Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.
Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.
Carbocation: carbon atom bears positive charged species with three bonds is called Carbocation and it plays vital intermediate in organic synthesis. Carbocation migratory aptitude is mainly depends on the stability of the carbocation. This type of carbocation undergoes inter or intra molecule reactions and it form more stable product this type of rearrangement called carbocation rearrangement.
Carbocation’s are classified in to three types as primary, secondary and tertiary depending on the number of carbon atoms which is attached to the ionized carbon.
Tertiary carbocation is more stable than secondary carbocation, secondary carbocation is more stable than the primary carbocation as shown below.
(e)
Interpretation:
The product for the given set of reactions should be identified.
Concept introduction:
Alcohol: It is one type of functional group in organic chemistry in which carbon is singly bonded to one
Oxidation Reaction: It involves loss of electrons, addition of oxygen atoms or removal of hydrogen atoms. The oxidation of alcohol are achieved by using reagents like
Base: They are substance that gives
Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.
Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.
Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.
Carbocation: carbon atom bears positive charged species with three bonds is called Carbocation and it plays vital intermediate in organic synthesis. Carbocation migratory aptitude is mainly depends on the stability of the carbocation. This type of carbocation undergoes inter or intra molecule reactions and it form more stable product this type of rearrangement called carbocation rearrangement.
Carbocation’s are classified in to three types as primary, secondary and tertiary depending on the number of carbon atoms which is attached to the ionized carbon.
Tertiary carbocation is more stable than secondary carbocation, secondary carbocation is more stable than the primary carbocation as shown below.
(f)
Interpretation:
The product for the given set of reactions should be identified.
Concept introduction:
Alcohol: It is one type of functional group in organic chemistry in which carbon is singly bonded to one
Oxidation Reaction: It involves loss of electrons, addition of oxygen atoms or removal of hydrogen atoms. The oxidation of alcohol are achieved by using reagents like
Base: They are substance that gives
Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.
Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.
Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.
Carbocation: carbon atom bears positive charged species with three bonds is called Carbocation and it plays vital intermediate in organic synthesis. Carbocation migratory aptitude is mainly depends on the stability of the carbocation. This type of carbocation undergoes inter or intra molecule reactions and it form more stable product this type of rearrangement called carbocation rearrangement.
Carbocation’s are classified in to three types as primary, secondary and tertiary depending on the number of carbon atoms which is attached to the ionized carbon.
Tertiary carbocation is more stable than secondary carbocation, secondary carbocation is more stable than the primary carbocation as shown below.

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Chapter 12 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-PRINT (LL)-W/WILEY
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