Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134156415
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12.1, Problem 1CYU
Which ventricle is surrounded by the diencephalon?
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Normal dive (for diving humans)
normal
breathing
dive
normal
breathing
Oz level
CO2 level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
high CO2 triggers breathing
6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in
diving humans.
How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
foraging/diet type
teeth
tongue
stomach
intestines
cecum
Insectivory
numerous, spiky, incisors procumbentExample: moleExample: shrew
--
simple
short
mostly lacking
Myrmecophagy
absent or reduced in numbers, peg-likeExample: tamandua anteater
extremely long
simple, often roughened
short
small or lacking
Terrestrial carnivory
sharp incisors; long, conical canines; often carnassial cheek teeth; may have crushing molarsExample: dog
--
simple
short
small
Aquatic carnivory
homodont, spiky, numerousExample: common dolphin
--
simple or multichambered (cetaceans only)
variable
small or absent
Sanguinivory
very sharp upper incisors; reduced cheek teethExample: vampire bat
grooved
tubular, highly extensible
long
small or lacking
Herbivory (except nectivores)
incisors robust or absent; canines reduced or absent; diastema; cheek teeth enlarged with complex occlusal surfacesExample: beaver
--
simple (hindgut fermenters) or multichambered (ruminants)
long
large
Filter feeding
none…
3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species
(A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your
answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the
diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences?
Species A
3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3
པར『ན་
cm 30
Species B
4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4
cm 10
Species C
0/4, 0/0,3/3, 3/3
020
Chapter 12 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 12.1 - Which ventricle is surrounded by the diencephalon?Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 12.1 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 12.2 - What anatomical landmark of the cerebral cortex...Ch. 12.2 - Mike, who is left-handed, decided to wear his...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 6CYUCh. 12.2 - Name the components of the basal nuclei.Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 8CYUCh. 12.3 - The hypothalamus oversees a branch of the...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 10CYU
Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 11CYUCh. 12.5 - Prob. 12CYUCh. 12.6 - The limbic system is sometimes called the...Ch. 12.6 - When Taylor begins to feel drowsy while driving,...Ch. 12.7 - Name three factors that can enhance transfer of...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 16CYUCh. 12.7 - Which two states of consciousness are between...Ch. 12.7 - During which sleep stage are most skeletal muscles...Ch. 12.8 - Prob. 19CYUCh. 12.8 - A brain surgeon is about to make an incision. Name...Ch. 12.9 - Prob. 21CYUCh. 12.9 - Prob. 22CYUCh. 12.10 - Prob. 23CYUCh. 12.10 - Trevor was tackled while playing football. After...Ch. 12.11 - Where are the cell bodies of the first-, second-,...Ch. 12.11 - Prob. 26CYUCh. 12.11 - Figure 12.32 shows both tracts and nerves, as well...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1MCCh. 12 - A patient has suffered a cerebral hemorrhage that...Ch. 12 - Choose the correct term from the key to respond to...Ch. 12 - The innermost layer of the meninges, delicate and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3MCCh. 12 - Which of the following tracts convey vibration and...Ch. 12 - Destruction of the ventral horn cells of the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8MCCh. 12 - Prob. 9MCCh. 12 - A professor unexpectedly blew a loud horn in his...Ch. 12 - Identify the stage of sleep described by using...Ch. 12 - All of the following descriptions refer to dorsal...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13SAQCh. 12 - (a) What is the advantage of having a cerebrum...Ch. 12 - (a) Make a rough drawing of the lateral aspect of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16SAQCh. 12 - (a) What is the function of the basal nuclei? (b)...Ch. 12 - Explain how the cerebellum is physically connected...Ch. 12 - Describe the role of the cerebellum in maintaining...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20SAQCh. 12 - (a) Localize the reticular formation in the brain....Ch. 12 - Prob. 22SAQCh. 12 - Prob. 23SAQCh. 12 - Compare and contrast short-term memory (STM) and...Ch. 12 - Define memory consolidation.Ch. 12 - List four ways in which the CNS is protected.Ch. 12 - Prob. 27SAQCh. 12 - Prob. 28SAQCh. 12 - (a) Define concussion and contusion. (b) Why does...Ch. 12 - Describe the spinal cord, depicting its extent,...Ch. 12 - How do the types of motor activity controlled by...Ch. 12 - Describe the functional problems that would be...Ch. 12 - Prob. 33SAQCh. 12 - How do the conditions paraplegia, hemiplegia, and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 35SAQCh. 12 - 39-Year-Old Female with Traumatic Brain Injury...Ch. 12 - 39-Year-Old Female with Traumatic Brain Injury...Ch. 12 - 39-Year-Old Female with Traumatic Brain Injury...Ch. 12 - 39-Year-Old Female with Traumatic Brain Injury...Ch. 12 - 39-Year-Old Female with Traumatic Brain Injury...
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- 3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species (A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences? Species A 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3 cm 30 Species B 0/4, 0/0, 3/3, 3/3 cm 10 Species C 4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4 E 0 cm 20 AILarrow_forwardNormal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO₂ level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO₂ triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. • How might the location and slope of the O2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?arrow_forwardHow much ATP will be produced during the following metabolic scenario: Aerobic respiration of a 5mM lipid solution that is made up of one glycerol and an 8-carbon fatty acid and 12-carbon fatty acid. Recall that when glycerol breaks down to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate it costs one ATP but your get an extra FADH2. Every two carbons of a fatty acid break down to one acetyl-CoA. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in mM of ATP.arrow_forward
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