Interpretation: A given mass of a sample of methane gas and gas oxygen is given to be present sealed in a
Concept introduction: The state when the reactants involved in a
To determine: The equilibrium pressures of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
The number of moles of oxygen gas present initially is
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
- A 1.604-g sample of methane (CH4) gas and 6.400 g oxygen gas are scaled into a 2.50-L vessel at 411C and are allowed to reach equilibrium. Methane can react with oxygen to form gaseous carbon dioxide and water vapor, or methane can react with oxygen to form gaseous carbon monoxide and water vapor. At equilibrium. the pressure of oxygen is 0.326 atm, and the pressure of water vapor is 4.45 atm. Calculate the pressures of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide present at equilibrium.arrow_forward. What does it mean to say that a state of chemical or physical equilibrium is dynamic?arrow_forwardA gaseous material XY(g) dissociates to some extent to produce X(g) and Y(g): XY(g)X(g)+Y(g) A 2.00-g sample of XY (molar mass = 165 g/mol) is placed in a container with a movable piston at 25C. The pressure is held constant at 0.967 atm. As XY begins to dissociate, the piston moves until 35.0 mole percent of the original XY has dissociated and then remains at a constant position. Assuming ideal behavior, calculate the density of the gas in the container after the piston has stopped moving, and determine the value of K for this reaction of 25C.arrow_forward
- . For the reaction system C(s)+H2O(g)H2(g)+CO(g)which has already reached a state of equilibrium, predict the effect that each of the following changes will have on the position of the equilibrium. Tell whether the equilibrium will shift to the right, will shift to the left, or will not be affected. a. The pressure of hydrogen is increased by injecting an additional mole of hydrogen gas into the reaction vessel. b. Carbon monoxide gas is removed as it forms by use of a chemical absorbent or “scrubber.” c. An additional amount of solid carbon is added to the reaction vessel.arrow_forward12.101 An engineer working on a design to extract petroleum from a deep thermal reservoir wishes to capture toxic hydrogen sulfide gases present by reaction with aqueous iron(II) nitrate to form solid iron(II) sulfide. (a) Write the chemical equation for this process, assuming that it reaches equilibrium. (b) What is the equilibrium constant expression for this system? (c) How can the process be manipulated so that it does not reach equilibrium, allowing the continuous removal of hydrogen sulfide?arrow_forwardTell what will happen to each equilibrium concentration in the following when the indicated stress is applied and a new equilibrium position is established. a. LiOH(s)+CO2(g)LiHCO3(s)+heat; CO2 is removed. b. 2NaHCO3(s)+heatNa2O(s)+2CO2(g)+H2O(g); The system is cooled. c. CaCO3(s)+heatCaO(s)+CO2(g); The system is cooled.arrow_forward
- How does equilibrium represent the balancing of opposing processes? Give an example of an “equilibrium” encountered in everyday life, showing how the processes involved oppose each other.arrow_forwardDuring an experiment with the Haber process, a researcher put 1 mol N2 and 1 mol H2 into a reaction vessel to observe the equilibrium formation of ammonia, NH3. N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) When these reactants come to equilibrium, assume that x mol H2 react. How many moles of ammonia form?arrow_forward12.102 A chemical engineer is working to optimize the production of acrylonitrile to be used in the manufacture of carbon fibers. The reaction being used is the combination of propene gas, ammonia, and oxygen. The reaction is normally carried out at moderately high temperatures so all species are in the gas phase. (a) Write the equilibrium constant expression for this reaction. (b) The boiling point of acrylonitrile is 77 °C, and that of propene is -48 °C. What would the equilibrium expression be if this reaction were carried out at room temperature? (c) What characteristic of this reaction might cause the engineer to desire carrying out this reaction at room temperature?arrow_forward
- For the reaction C6H6(g)+3H2(g)C6H12(g)+heat determine in what direction the equilibrium will be shifted by each of the following changes. Decreasing the concentration of H2 a. Increasing the concentration of C6H6 b. Decreasing the temperature c. Increasing the pressure by decreasing the volume of the containerarrow_forward. Explain what it means that a reaction has reached a state of chemical equilibrium. Explain why equilibrium is a dynamic state: Does a reaction really “stop” when the system reaches a state of equilibrium? Explain why, once a chemical system has reached equilibrium, the concentrations of all reactants remain constant with time. Why does this constancy of concentration not contradict our picture of equilibrium as being dynamic? What happens to the rates of the forward and reverse reactions as a system proceeds to equilibrium from a starting point where only reactants are present?arrow_forwardTell what will happen to each equilibrium concentration in the following when the indicated stress is applied and a new equilibrium position is established. a. H+(aq)+HCO3(aq)H2O(l)+CO2(g); HCO3is added. b. CO2(g)+H2O(l)H2CO3(aq)+heat; CO2is removed. c. CO2(g)+H2O(l)H2CO3(aq)+heat; The system is cooled.arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning