Problem 1PE: Which substances will be soluble in water? (a) sodium chloride, (b) sugar, (c) calcium carbonate,... Problem 2PE: Which substances will be soluble in nonpolar benzene? (a) hexane, (b) potassium bromide, (c) a... Problem 3PE: Draw an enthalpy diagram for the endothermic process of dissolving ammonium chloride in water.... Problem 4PE: When potassium hydroxide is dissolved in water, heat is evolved. What does this mean in terms of the... Problem 5PE Problem 6PE: When sodium hydroxide is dissolved in water, the solution becomes hot. When a saturated NaOH... Problem 7PE: At 25C and standard pressure, a hydrogen sulfide solution can be made by bubbling H2S(g) into water;... Problem 8PE: How many grams of nitrogen and oxygen are dissolved in 125 g of water at 20.0C when the water is... Problem 9PE: What volume of water at 20.0C(d=0.9982gmL-1) is needed to dissolve 45.0 g of sucrose to make a 10.0... Problem 10PE Problem 11PE Problem 12PE: Water freezes at a lower temperature when it contains solutes. To study the effect of methanol on... Problem 13PE Problem 14PE Problem 15PE Problem 16PE Problem 17PE: Dibutyl phthalate, C16H22O4 (molar mass 278gmol-1), is an oil sometimes used to soften plastic... Problem 18PE Problem 19PE: At , the vapor pressure of cyclohexane, a nonpolar hydrocarbon, is 66.9 torr and that of toluene, a... Problem 20PE: Using the information from Practice Exercise 12.19, calculate the expected vapor pressure of a... Problem 21PE: In making candy, a certain recipe calls for heating an aqueous sucrose solution to the soft- ball"... Problem 22PE: How many grams of glucose (molar mass = 180.9 g mol-1) must be dissolved in 255 g of water to raise... Problem 23PE: A solution made by dissolving 3.46 g of an unknown compound in 85.0 g of benzene froze at . What is... Problem 24PE Problem 25PE: What is the osmotic pressure, in mm Hg and mm H2O, of a protein solution when 5.00 g of the protein... Problem 26PE: What is the osmotic pressure in torr of a 0.0115 M glucose solution at body temperature (37C)? What... Problem 27PE: Estimate the molecular mass of a protein when 137.2 mg of the protein, dissolved in 100.0 mL of... Problem 28PE Problem 29PE: Calculate the freezing point of aqueous 0.237mLiCl on the assumption that it is 100% dissociated.... Problem 30PE: Determine the freezing point of aqueous solutions of MgSO4 that are (a) 0.100 m, (b) 0.0100 m, and... Problem 31PE Problem 32PE Problem 1RQ: Intermolecular Forces and the Formation of Solutions Why do two gases spontaneously mix when they... Problem 2RQ: Intermolecular Forces and the Formation of Solutions When substances form liquid solutions, what two... Problem 3RQ: Intermolecular Forces and the Formation of Solutions
12.3 Silver chloride is not soluble in water.... Problem 4RQ: Intermolecular Forces and the Formation of Solutions
12.4 Methanol, , and water are miscible in all... Problem 5RQ: Intermolecular Forces and the Formation of Solutions
12.5 Hexane and water are immiscible. What... Problem 6RQ: Intermolecular Forces and the Formation of Solutions Explain how ion-dipole forces help to bring... Problem 7RQ Problem 8RQ: Intermolecular Forces and the Formation of Solutions Water and dichloromethane, CH2Cl2, are... Problem 9RQ: Heats of Solution
12.9 The value of for a soluble compound is, say, , and a nearly saturated... Problem 10RQ: Heats of Solution Referring to Question 12.9, which value for this compound would be numerically... Problem 11RQ: Heats of Solution Which would be expected to have the larger hydration energy, Al3+orLi+? Why? (Both... Problem 12RQ: Heats of Solution
12.12. Suggest a reason why the value of for a gas such as , dissolving in water,... Problem 13RQ Problem 14RQ Problem 15RQ: Heat of solution When a certain solid dissolves in water, the solution becomes cool. Is Hsoln for... Problem 16RQ: Heat of solution
12.16 If the value of for the formation of a mixture of two liquids A and B is... Problem 17RQ Problem 18RQ: Solubility as a Function of Temperature
12.18 If a saturated solution of is cooled to , how many... Problem 19RQ: Solubility as a Function of Temperature Anglers know that on hot summer days, the largest fish will... Problem 20RQ: Henry's Law
12.20 What is Henry’s law?
Problem 21RQ: Henry's Law
12.21 Mountain streams often contain fewer living things than equivalent streams at sea... Problem 22RQ: Henry's Law Why is ammonia so much more soluble in water than nitrogen? Would you expect hydrogen... Problem 23RQ Problem 24RQ Problem 25RQ Problem 26RQ Problem 27RQ: Concentration Units Suppose a 1.0 m solution of a solute is made using a solvent with a density of... Problem 28RQ: Colligative Properties What specific fact about a physical property of a solution must be true to... Problem 29RQ: Colligative Properties
12.29. What is Raoult’s law?
Problem 30RQ: Colligative Properties Why does a nonvolatile solute decrease the vapor pressure of a solvent? Problem 31RQ Problem 32RQ Problem 33RQ Problem 34RQ Problem 35RQ Problem 36RQ Problem 37RQ Problem 38RQ Problem 39RQ: Colligative Properties
12.39 When a solid is associated in a solution, what does this mean? What... Problem 40RQ: Colligative Properties
12.40 What is the difference between a hypertonic solution and a hypotonic... Problem 41RQ Problem 42RQ: Colligative Properties What is the vant Hoff factor? What is its expected value for all... Problem 43RQ Problem 44RQ Problem 45RQ Problem 46RQ Problem 47RQ: Heterogeneous Mixtures What is the Tyndall effect? Problem 48RQ: Heterogeneous Mixtures
12.48 What is a micelle, and why does it form?
Problem 49RQ: Heat of Solution For an ionic compound dissolving in water, Hsoln=-56kJmol-1 and the hydration... Problem 50RQ: Heat of solution
12.50 Consider the formation of a solution of aqueous potassium chloride. Write the... Problem 51RQ: Henry's Law The solubility of methane, the chief component of natural gas, in water at 20.0C and 1.0... Problem 52RQ: Henry's Law If the solubility of a gas in water is 0.010gL-1at25C with the partial pressure of the... Problem 53RQ: At 740 torr and 20.0C, nitrogen has a solubility in water of 0.018gL-1. At 620 torr and 20.0C, its... Problem 54RQ: Hydrogen gas has a solubility in water of 0.00157gL-1 under 1.00 atm of H2 pressure at 25C. At 0.85... Problem 55RQ: 12.55. If 100.0 mL of water is shaken with oxygen gas at 1.0 atm it will dissolve . Estimate the... Problem 56RQ: 12.56 Helium gas can be used to displace other gases from a solvent by bubbling He through the... Problem 57RQ: Concentration Units Muriatic acid is the commercial name for hydrochloric acid that can be purchased... Problem 58RQ Problem 59RQ: What mass of a 0.853 molal solution of iron(III) nitrate is needed to obtain (a) 0.0200 moles of... Problem 60RQ: In order to conduct three experiments that required different amounts of chloride ions, what mass of... Problem 61RQ Problem 62RQ: A solution of acetic acid, CH3COOH, has a concentration of 0.143 M and a density of 1.00gmL1. What... Problem 63RQ Problem 64RQ: Botulinum toxin is one of the most acutely toxic substances known, with a lethal dose at about 140... Problem 65RQ: A solution of fructose, C6H12O6, a sugar found in many fruits, is made by dissolving 24.0 g of... Problem 66RQ Problem 67RQ Problem 68RQ Problem 69RQ Problem 70RQ: An aqueous solution of isopropyl alcohol, C3H8O, rubbing alcohol, has a mole fraction of alcohol... Problem 71RQ: Sodium nitrate, NaNO3, is sometimes added to tobacco to improve its burning characteristics. An... Problem 72RQ: In an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, the concentration is 1.89mol% of acid. The density of the... Problem 73RQ: Colligative Properties At 25C, the vapor pressure of water is 23.8 torr. What is the vapor pressure... Problem 74RQ: Colligative Properties The vapor pressure of water at 20C is 17.5 torr. A 35% solution of the... Problem 75RQ: 12.75 At the vapor pressures of benzene and toluene are 93.4 and 26.9 torr, respectively. A... Problem 76RQ: Pentane (C5HI2)andheptane(C7HI6) are two hydrocarbon liquids present in gasoline. At 20.0C, the... Problem 77RQ: *12.77 Benzene and toluene help achieve good engine performance from lead-free gasoline. At the... Problem 78RQ: The vapor pressure of pure methanol, CH3OH, at 33C is 164 torr. How many grams of the nonvolatile... Problem 79RQ: A solution containing 8.3 g of a nonvolatile, nondissociating substance dissolved in 1.00 mol of... Problem 80RQ: At 21.0C, a solution of 18.26 g of a nonvolatile, nonpolar compound in 33.25 g of ethyl bromide,... Problem 81RQ: 12.81 How many grams of sucrose are needed to lower the freezing point of 125 g of water by ?
Problem 82RQ Problem 83RQ: A solution of 12.00 g of an unknown nondissociating compound dissolved in 200.0 g of benzene freezes... Problem 84RQ: 12.84 A solution of 14 g of a nonvolatile, nondissociating compound in 0.10 kg of benzene boils at ... Problem 85RQ: What are the molecular mass and molecular formula of a nondissociating molecular compound whose... Problem 86RQ: Benzene reacts with hot concentrated nitric acid dissolved in sulfuric acid to give chiefly... Problem 87RQ: 12.87 (a) Show that the following equation is true.
(b) An aqueous solution of a compound with a... Problem 88RQ: A saturated solution is made by dissolving 0.400 g of a polypeptide (a substance formed by joining... Problem 89RQ Problem 90RQ: How many grams of A1C13 would have to be dissolved in 0.150 L of water to give a solution that has a... Problem 91RQ: 12.91 What is the osmotic pressure, in torr, of a solution of NaCl in water when the temperature of... Problem 92RQ: Below are the concentrations of the most abundant ions in seawater. Ion Molality Chloride 0.566... Problem 93RQ: 12.93 What is the expected freezing point of a 0.20 m solution of ? (Assume complete... Problem 94RQ Problem 95RQ: 12.95 The van’t Hoff factor for the solute in is 1.19. What would this factor be if the solution... Problem 96RQ: 12.96 What is the expected van’t Hoff factor for in an aqueous solution, assuming dissociation?
Problem 97RQ Problem 98RQ: *12.98 The “bends” is a medical emergency caused by the formation of tiny bubbles in the blood... Problem 99RQ: In order for mosquitos to survive the cold winter, they produce glycerol, C3H8O3. What molality and... Problem 100RQ: The vapor pressure of a mixture of 0.400 kg of carbon tetrachloride and 43.3 g of an unknown... Problem 101RQ: Ethylene glycol, C2H6O2, is used in many antifreeze mixtures. Protection against freezing to as low... Problem 102RQ: What is the osmotic pressure in torr of a 0.010 M aqueous solution of a molecular compound at 25C? Problem 103RQ: The osmotic pressure of a dilute solution of a slightly soluble polymer (a compound composed of... Problem 104RQ Problem 105RQ: Consider an aqueous 1.00 m solution of Na3PO4,a compound with useful detergent properties. Calculate... Problem 106RQ: A 2.50 g sample of aluminum chloride and sodium sulfate has a freezing point depression of 2.65C.... Problem 107RQ Problem 108RQ: A sample containing only iron(II) nitrate and potassium chloride is dissolved in water and the... Problem 109RQ Problem 110RQ Problem 111RQ: How many mL of 0.223MK2Cr2O7 are needed to completely oxidize 155 mL of 0.650 M tin(II) chloride to... Problem 112RQ Problem 113RQ: A certain organic substance is soluble in solvent A but it is insoluble in solvent B. If solvents A... Problem 114RQ Problem 115RQ Problem 116RQ: Having had some laboratory experience by now, evaluate whether preparation of a 0.25 molar solution... Problem 117RQ: 12.117 This chapter focused on the physical description of osmosis and its use in determining molar... Problem 118RQ: 12.118 Using the principles developed in this chapter, explain why all solids will eventually result... Problem 119RQ Problem 120RQ Problem 121RQ Problem 122RQ: Consider a solution that has the maximum amount of CaCl2 dissolved in it. Now add 5.0 ml. of pure... Problem 123RQ: 12.123 When a 10.0 molar solution of sodium hydroxide in water is prepared, the beaker becomes very... format_list_bulleted