Chapter 12, Problem 112RQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Using the given data, the minimum number of sodium dichromate required to oxidize $21.4\text{ g}$ of isopropyl alcohol is to be calculated. The percentage composition, empirical formula, and molecular formula of the by- product is to be determined as well. Whether the given reaction has any other by- product or not is also need to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

The mass percent composition of an element is the ratio of its percentage to the total mass of the sample.

The percentage by mass of an element in the sample is expressed as follows:

$\text{percentage by mass of}\text{element}=\frac{\text{Mass}\text{}\text{of element A }}{\text{Mass of whole sample}}\text{ ×100\%}$

The ratio of moles of atoms or ratios of atoms are represented by empirical formula. Generally, an empirical formula does not give the representation of a molecule.

Molecular formula is the chemical formula that provides the specific number of each type of atoms that are present in a molecule.

The molecular formula is equal to the whole number multiplied to the empirical formula. The empirical formula and molecular formula are related as:

$\text{Molecular formula}=\text{empirical formula}\times n$

Here, $n$ is an integer.

The temperature at which vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure is known as boiling point.

Elevation in boiling point is as follows:

$\Delta T_{\text{b}}=m\times K_{\text{b}}$

Here, $\Delta T_{\text{b}}$ is the change in temperature of the boiling point in $\text{C}$, $m$ is the molality of the solution in $\frac{\text{mol of solute}}{\text{mass of solvent(kg)}}$, and $K_{\text{b}}$ is the boiling point elevation constant for the solvent.