Introductory Statistics (2nd Edition)
Introductory Statistics (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321978271
Author: Robert Gould, Colleen N. Ryan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 50SE

a.

To determine

Mention the treatment variable and response variable from the study.

b.

To determine

Identify whether the study is controlled experiment or an observational study.

c.

To determine

Explain what p-value shows.

d.

To determine

Explain whether the study shows that the use of tight glycemic control affects the rate of infections.

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Calcium and Blood Pressure Does increasing the amount of calcium in our diet reduce blood pressure? Examination of a large sample of people revealed a relationship between calcium intake and blood pressure. Such observational studies do not establish causation. Researchers therefore designed a randomized comparative experiment. The subjects were 21 healthy men who volunteered to take part in the experiment. They were randomly assigned to two groups: 10 of the men received a calcium supplement for 12 weeks, while the control group of 11 men received a placebo pill that looked identical. The experiment was double-blind. The response variable is the decrease in systolic (top number) blood pressure for a subject after 12 weeks, in millimeters of mercury. An increase appears as a negative number. Do the data provide convincing evidence that a calcium supplement reduces blood pressure more than a placebo, on average, for subjects like the ones in this study? Group 1 (calcium) Group (placebo)…
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Study Purpose: The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to compare a nurse practitioner lead intervention to standard prescription of controlled-release oxycodone for patients who had undergone cesarean section. Participants were followed to explore their experience of pain and how pain impacts maternal health over three months. Post-intervention pain scores were measured using a pain scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximum pain). The results for this study are summarized in the table below. Table 2. Pain Scores on first postoperative day Change in mean pain score Change in mean pain score (SD) Difference between mean pain scores Intervention (SD) Group (n=65) p-value Control Group (n=66) [95% CI] -2.5 (1.1) -0.9 (0.7) -1.6 [-2.1, -0.3] 0.001 Using data from the table above answer the following questions: 1. What is the treatment effect for the primary outcome (pain)? 2. Provide a written interpretation of the change scores and treatment effect. Support your answer with…

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Introductory Statistics (2nd Edition)

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