Introductory Statistics (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321978271
Author: Robert Gould, Colleen N. Ryan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 12SE
a.
To determine
Determine whether the headline is more likely to be a controlled experiment or an observational study.
b .
To determine
Explain the potential factor that explains the association.
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Do sports drinks help prevent cramps in endurance sports? At the end of a marathon, officials will ask runners if they drank water or a sports drink during the race, along with whether or not they suffered any cramps. Is this an observational study or experiment?
Research indicates that there may be a relationship between caffeinated coffee consumption and risk of depression in women. Provided is data on the amount of caffeinated coffee consumed and whether the woman was diagnosed with clinical depression. Of interest is to see if there is evidence of an association between caffeinated coffee intake and clinical depression in women. What are the hypotheses?
Caffeinated coffee
Depression
<1 cup/wk
>=1 cup/day
2-3 cups/day
4+ cups/day
Total
Yes
670
1278
564
95
2607
No
11545
22573
11726
2288
48132
Total
12215
23851
12290
2383
50739
A. H0: H0 is not true and there is no association between caffeine intake and depression in women
B. There is no association between caffeine intake and depression in women and H0 is not true
C. Research indicates that there may be a relationship between caffeinated coffee consumption and risk of depression in women
D. H0: There is an association between caffeine intake and…
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Introductory Statistics (2nd Edition)
Ch. 12 - Dairy Products and Muscle The following two...Ch. 12 - Coffee and Depression The following two headlines...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3SECh. 12 - Prob. 4SECh. 12 - Prob. 5SECh. 12 - Prob. 6SECh. 12 - Niacin and Heart Disease The New England Journal...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8SECh. 12 - Prob. 9SECh. 12 - Prob. 10SE
Ch. 12 - Prob. 11SECh. 12 - Prob. 12SECh. 12 - Prob. 13SECh. 12 - Prob. 14SECh. 12 - Prob. 15SECh. 12 - Options on Global Warming People were asked...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17SECh. 12 - SAT Prep and Power Suppose an SAT tutoring company...Ch. 12 - Brain Games (Example 2) Researchers are interested...Ch. 12 - A Smile a Day Smiling is a sign of a good mood,...Ch. 12 - Swimsuits and Racing Speeds (Example 3) New, slick...Ch. 12 - Flu Vaccines and Age Suppose you want to compare...Ch. 12 - Preventing Heart Attacks with Aspirin Suppose that...Ch. 12 - Prob. 24SECh. 12 - Prob. 25SECh. 12 - Prob. 26SECh. 12 - Reading Colored Paper (Example 4) Some people...Ch. 12 - Prob. 28SECh. 12 - Prob. 29SECh. 12 - Prob. 30SECh. 12 - Prob. 31SECh. 12 - Prob. 32SECh. 12 - Prob. 33SECh. 12 - Prob. 34SECh. 12 - Prob. 35SECh. 12 - Prob. 36SECh. 12 - Prob. 37SECh. 12 - Prob. 38SECh. 12 - Prob. 39SECh. 12 - Prob. 40SECh. 12 - Prob. 41SECh. 12 - Prob. 42SECh. 12 - Prob. 43SECh. 12 - Prob. 44SECh. 12 - Prob. 45SECh. 12 - Prob. 46SECh. 12 - Prob. 47SECh. 12 - Prob. 48SECh. 12 - Prob. 49SECh. 12 - Prob. 50SECh. 12 - Alumni Donations The alumni office wishes to...Ch. 12 - Prob. 52SECh. 12 - Drug for Asthma (Example 7) Eosinophils are a form...Ch. 12 - Blood Sugar Refer to Exercise 12.50 on tight...Ch. 12 - Prob. 55SECh. 12 - Prob. 56SECh. 12 - Prob. 57CRECh. 12 - Prob. 58CRECh. 12 - Prob. 59CRECh. 12 - Prob. 60CRE
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- What does statistically significance indicates?arrow_forwardYou think that there might be a relationship between stress for Middle Schoolers and the number of after-school activities that the student participates in. Conduct an ANOVA with an 8-step hypothesis on the following data to find if there if there is a significant relationship occurring. # of after school activities Stress Scores 0 1 0 2 0 8 1-2 3 1-2 10 1-2 4 1-2 2 1-2 6 3 or more 9 3 or more 8 3 or more 3arrow_forwardA scientist is studying the effect of a new type of exercise program on cardiovascular health. The scientist randomly assigns individuals to either the exercise program or a control group. The scientist wants to determine if the exercise program has a statistically significant effect on cardiovascular health. The scientist monitors cardiovascular health by measuring the blood pressure of each individual.arrow_forward
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- 1) Soda consumption is very common in the U.S. For the purposes of this question, assume that 30% of the population consumes the equivalent of 3 or more 12 oz. sodas per week (this is the prevalence of the exposure). A large multi-center cohort study was conducted to evaluate the association between soda consumption and risk of diabetes. At baseline, participants were asked about their typical soda consumption, and individuals who reported consuming 3 or more sodas per week were considered exposed. Participants were followed for 10 years, and the following results were obtained: Incident Cases of Diabetes 356 236 Person-Years Contributed 3+ sodas a week 375234 <3 sodas a week 399763 a) Name the appropriate measure of association corresponding to the excess rate of diabetes attributable to soda consumption among subjects who consume 3+ sodas per week. Calculate this measure (shown as a rate, using the correct units), and provide a brief interpretation of your answer b) Calculate the…arrow_forwardWeight Away, a company that sells weight-loss plans, often advertises the effectiveness of its plans by highlighting the stories of a few clients who have lost extraordinany amounts of weight. To get a better indication of the general effectiveness of the plans, we asked Weight Away to send us information about typical" clients. Weight Away mailed us a brochure with the following histogram, which displays the weight loss (in pounds) over the past month for a sample of 50 Weight Away clients. (Note that a negative value for weight loss represents a weight gain.) Frequency 15 13 10 10+ 6. 7 5+ 40 50 20 Weight loss (in pounds) -10 10 30 Based on the histogram, find the proportion of weight loss values in the sample that are at least 10 pounds. Write your answer as a decimal, and do not round your answer. Submit Assign O 2021 McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use Privacy Acce 99+ re to searcharrow_forwardA researcher notes that there seems to be a difference in the prevalence of high cholesterol among individuals who smoke and consume diets high in processed food and the prevalence of high cholesterol among individuals who do not smoke and do not consume diets high in processed foods. Use the appropriate hypothesis to determine if diet and smoking status are related (independent) at the 5%. This is the first step in determining if confounding has influenced the study’s results. Then interpret your response. Diet Low in Processed Foods Normal Cholesterol High Cholesterol Total Non-smoker 124 55 179 Smoker 69 152 221 Total 193 207 400 Diet High in Processed Foods Normal Cholesterol High Cholesterol Total Non-smoker 64 85 149 Smoker 98 153 251 Total 162 238 400 A) The chi square value of 4.65 is higher than the chi square value of 3.84, therefore we can accept H0 at the 5% level and reject…arrow_forward
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