Microbiology: An Introduction
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780321929150
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 3R
Summary Introduction
Introduction
The structure above, which has an affinity for keratin are Trichophyton genus is a eukaryotic
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Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by two membrane bilayers separated by a space termed the periplasm. The periplasm is a multipurpose compartment separate from the cytoplasm. The periplasm has a distinct oxidizing environment that allow certain key protein structural features to be formed. Can you identify an amino acid(s) that would be affected by this oxidizing environment? How would it be affected, and what structural features would be sensitive to this environment? Can you discuss the implications of this from a standpoint of recombinant protein expression?
What are the structural reasons for therigidity that is conferred on the cell wall by the peptidoglycan structure?
What implications does the complex hydrophobic mycobacterial cell
wall have in terms of treating diseases caused by these bacteria?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RCh. 12 - A mixed culture of Escherichia coli and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3RCh. 12 - Prob. 4RCh. 12 - Differentiate cellular and plasmodial slime molds....Ch. 12 - Prob. 6RCh. 12 - Prob. 7RCh. 12 - Prob. 8RCh. 12 - Prob. 9RCh. 12 - DRAW IT A generalized life cycle of the liver...
Ch. 12 - How many phyla are represented in the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 12 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 12 - Fleas are the intermediate host for Dioylium...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 12 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 12 - The definitive host for Plasmodium vivax is a....Ch. 12 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 12 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 12 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 12 - Alexandrium (red tide) has been called a plant...Ch. 12 - The life cycle of the fish tapeworm...Ch. 12 - Trypanosoma brucei gambiense-part (a) in the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1CAECh. 12 - Prob. 2CAECh. 12 - A teenaged male in California complained of...
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- Archaea exhibit a wide variety of cell shapes, including some that are unique. Suggest why this diversity exists and what advantages the unique shapes might confer.arrow_forwardMost medically useful antibiotics interfere with either peptidogly¬can synthesis or ribosome function. Why would the cytoplasmic membrane be a poor target for antibacterial medications?arrow_forwardMost medically useful antibiotics interfere with either peptidoglycan synthesis or ribosome function. Why would the cytoplasmic membrane (in general) be a poor target for antibacterial medications?arrow_forward
- Apicomplexans evolved from a photosynthetic ancestor and have the remnant of a chloroplast. This organelle no longer acts in photosynthesis, but remains essential to the protist. Why might targeting this organelle yield an antimalarial drug with minimal side effects in humans?arrow_forwardIn the diagram below, identify the structures of a cyanobacterial cell based on the following descriptions: a) Outer cellular covering which includes: Mucilaginous layer – outermost layer covering the cell wall; protects the cell from harmful factors of the environment Cell wall – found just below the mucilaginous layer; 2 or 3-layered, the inner layer lies in between the outer wall layer and plasma membrane; the outer layer is made of peptidoglycan Innermost plasma membrane – selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm b) Cytoplasm – found below the plasma membrane; the protoplasm which contains structures of different shapes and functions. Lamellae, which contain pigments such as chlorophylls, carotenes, xanthophylls, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin, are located in the peripheral region of cytoplasm. Ribosomes may also be found scattered in the cytoplasm. c) Nucleic material – the nucleoplasm that is centrally located in the cell and contains chromatin in the form…arrow_forwardUnder cellular conditions, dATP can be oxidized to its 2-hydroxy form, which is a substrate for an enzyme that converts 2-OH-dATP to 2-OH-dAMP + PPi. Explain why compounds that inhibit the activity of this enzyme would be eff ective anticancer agents.arrow_forward
- please choose correct letter and explain a bit 1. The strongest way by which a protein can maintain its shape is by using:a) ionic bonds b) disulfide bonds c) star war forces d) van der Waals forces 2. If a cell (like an amoeba) would be capable of migrating from one place to another only with movement created from the inside of the cell, then we can say that that movement is done mainly by: a) glycoproteins b) feet c) microtubules d) actin filaments True or False: In eukaryotic cells (such as human cells), the variety and diversity of proteins is much less than the variety and diversity of lipids.arrow_forwardThe archaeal proteasome contains 14 identical active β subunits, whereas the eukaryotic proteasome has 7 distinct β subunits. What are the potential benefits of having several distinct active subunits?arrow_forwardThe antibiotic kanamycin binds to the small ribosomal subunit of bacteria and interferes with protein synthesis, and the diphtheria toxin binds to the eukaryotic elongation factor EF2 and prevents translocation of the ribosome during protein synthesis. Suppose that an archaeobacterial infection is detected in a person. Could kanamycin and diphtheria toxin be used for treatment of the infection? Why?arrow_forward
- Most medically useful antibiotics interfere with either peptidoglycan synthesis or ribosome function. Why would the cell membrane be a poor target for antimicrobial medication?arrow_forwardHow does the membrane structure of hyperthermophilicArchaea differ from that of Escherichia coli and why is thisstructure helpful for growth at high temperature?arrow_forwardThe antibiotic kanamycin binds to the small ribosomal subunit of bacteria and interferes with protein synthesis, and the diphtheria toxin binds to the eukaryotic elongation factor EF2 and prevents translocation of the ribosome during protein synthesis. Suppose that an archaeobacterial infection is detected in a person. Could kanamvcin and diphtheria toxin be used for treatment of the intection: Why Please answer asaparrow_forward
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