From the phase diagram, phase that the substance found at room temperature and 1.0 a t m pressure has to be determined. Concept introduction: Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram. The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Question

A 4.7-L sealed bottle containing 0.33 g of liquid ethanol,C₂H₆O, is placed in a refrigerator and reaches equilibrium with its vapor at -11°C. (a) What mass of ethanol is present in the va-por? (b) When the container is removed and warmed to room temperature, 20.°C, will all the ethanol vaporize? (c) How much liquid ethanol would be present at 0.0°C? The vapor pressure of ethanol is 10. torr at -2.3°C and 40. torr at 19°C.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 34PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance found at room temperature and 1.0atm pressure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance exists has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The temperature at which the liquid phase exists has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

According to the Phase diagram, the vapor pressure of the solid at −1220C has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Denser phase, solid or liquid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

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A 4.7-L sealed bottle containing 0.33 g of liquid ethanol,C₂H₆O, is placed in a refrigerator and reaches equilibrium with its vapor at -11°C. (a) What mass of ethanol is present in the va-por? (b) When the container is removed and warmed to room temperature, 20.°C, will all the ethanol vaporize? (c) How much liquid ethanol would be present at 0.0°C? The vapor pressure of ethanol is 10. torr at -2.3°C and 40. torr at 19°C.

Use the phase diagram for methane, CH4, shown in Figure11.30 to answer the following questions. (a) What are theapproximate temperature and pressure of the critical point?(b) What are the approximate temperature and pressure ofthe triple point? (c) Is methane a solid, liquid, or gas at 1atm and 0 °C? (d) If solid methane at 1 atm is heated whilethe pressure is held constant, will it melt or sublime?(e) If methane at 1 atm and 0 °C is compressed until a phasechange occurs, in which state is the methane when thecompression is complete?

Butane is a common fuel used in cigarette lighters and camping stoves. Normally supplied in metal containers under pressure, the fuel exists as a mixture of liquid and gas, so high temperatures may cause the container to explode. At 25.0 ° C, the vapor pressure of butane is 2.30 atm. What is the pressure in the container at 130.0 ° C? ( Δ H ° vap = 24.3 kJ/mol.)

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 34PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance found at room temperature and 1.0atm pressure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance exists has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The temperature at which the liquid phase exists has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

According to the Phase diagram, the vapor pressure of the solid at −1220C has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Denser phase, solid or liquid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 34PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance found at room temperature and 1.0atm pressure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance exists has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The temperature at which the liquid phase exists has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

According to the Phase diagram, the vapor pressure of the solid at −1220C has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Denser phase, solid or liquid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 34PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance found at room temperature and 1.0atm pressure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance exists has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The temperature at which the liquid phase exists has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

According to the Phase diagram, the vapor pressure of the solid at −1220C has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Denser phase, solid or liquid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 34PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance found at room temperature and 1.0atm pressure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance exists has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The temperature at which the liquid phase exists has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

According to the Phase diagram, the vapor pressure of the solid at −1220C has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Denser phase, solid or liquid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 34PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance found at room temperature and 1.0atm pressure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 34PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance found at room temperature and 1.0atm pressure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance exists has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance exists has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The temperature at which the liquid phase exists has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The temperature at which the liquid phase exists has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

According to the Phase diagram, the vapor pressure of the solid at −1220C has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

According to the Phase diagram, the vapor pressure of the solid at −1220C has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Denser phase, solid or liquid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Denser phase, solid or liquid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 16

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Ch. 12.1 - (a) Determining an Atom Radius from Lattice...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1RC Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2RC Ch. 12.2 - If an ionic solid has an fcc lattice of anions (X)...Ch. 12.2 - Potassium chloride has the same unit cell as NaCl....Ch. 12.2 - 1. The unit cell of silicon carbide. SiC is...Ch. 12.2 - If one edge of the silicon carbide unit cell is...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 1Q Ch. 12.2 - Describe the unit cell of lithium (see Figure).Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 3Q

Chapter 12 Solutions