Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134605173
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 27P
Two different mutations affect
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Describe the fate of the λ phage during the infection process with mutants in the following genes:
CI
CII
CIII
N
Cro
att
Q
Describe the fate of the λ phage during the infection process with mutants in the following areas:
OR1
OR3
PL
PR
PRE
PRM
tL1
tR1
Certain environmental conditions such as exposure to UV light areknown to activate lysogenic λ prophages and cause them to progressinto the lytic cycle. UV light initially causes the repressor protein to be proteolytically degraded. Make a flow diagram showing the subsequent events that lead to the lytic cycle. (Note: The xis gene codes for an enzyme that is necessary to excise the λ prophage from the E. coli chromosome. The enzyme integrase is also necessary for this excision.)
An ade+ arg+ cys+ his+ leu+ pro+ bacterial strain is knownto be lysogenic for a newly discovered phage, but the siteof the prophage is not known. The bacterial map isleucysarghisadeproThe lysogenic strain is used as a source of the phage, andthe phages are added to a bacterial strain of genotypeade- arg- cys- his- leu- pro-. After a short incubation,samples of these bacteria are plated on six differentmedia, with the supplementations indicated in thefollowing table. The table also shows whether colonieswere observed on the various media.PresenceMedium Ade Arg Cys His Leu Pro of colonies1 - + + + + + N2 + - + + + + N3 + + - + + + C4 + + + - + + N5 + + + + - + C6 + + + + + - NNutrient supplementation in medium(In this table, a plus sign indicates the presence of anutrient supplement, a minus sign indicates that asupplement is not present, N indicates no colonies, and Cindicates colonies present.)a. What genetic process is at work here?b. What is the approximate locus of the prophage?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 12 - 12.1 Bacterial genomes frequently contain groups...Ch. 12 - Transcriptional regulation of operon gene...Ch. 12 - Why is it essential that bacterial cells be able...Ch. 12 - Identify similarities and differences between an...Ch. 12 - The transcription of -galactosidase and permease...Ch. 12 - 12.6 Is attenuation the product of an allosteric...Ch. 12 - The trpL region contains four repeated DNA...Ch. 12 - The CAP binding site in the lac promoter is the...Ch. 12 - What role does cAMP play in transcription of lac...Ch. 12 - How would a cap- mutation that produces an...
Ch. 12 - Explain the circumstances under which attenuation...Ch. 12 - Consider the transcription of genes of the...Ch. 12 - Describe the lytic and lysogenic life cycles of ...Ch. 12 - 12.14 Define antisense RNA, and describe how it...Ch. 12 - 12.15 Attenuation of trp operon transcription is...Ch. 12 - 12.16 In the lac operon, what are the likely...Ch. 12 - Identify which of the following lac operon haploid...Ch. 12 - Prob. 18PCh. 12 - 12.19 List possible genotypes for lac operon...Ch. 12 - Suppose each of the genotypes you listed in parts...Ch. 12 - 12.21 Four independent mutants (mutants A to D)...Ch. 12 - Suppose the lac operon partial diploid...Ch. 12 - What is a riboswitch? Describe the riboswitch...Ch. 12 - 12.24 A repressible operon system, like the trp...Ch. 12 - 12.25 What is the likely effect of each of the...Ch. 12 - 12.26 Suppose that base substitution mutations...Ch. 12 - 12.27 Two different mutations affect. Mutant...Ch. 12 - How would mutations that inactivate each of the...Ch. 12 - The bacterial insertion sequence IS 10 uses...Ch. 12 - For an E. coli strain with the lac operongenotype...Ch. 12 - 12.31 How could antisense RNA be used as an...Ch. 12 - 12.32 Section describes the function of tRNA...Ch. 12 - The following hypothetical genotypes have genes A,...Ch. 12 - 12.34 Northern blot analysis is performed on...Ch. 12 - Prob. 35PCh. 12 - Prob. 36PCh. 12 - 12.37 The electrophoresis gel shown in part (a) is...
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- A pure culture of an unknown bacterium was streaked onto plates of a variety of media. You notice that the colony morphologyis strikingly different on plates of minimal media with glucose compared to that seen on trypticase soy agar plates. How can you explain these differences in colony morphology? Also, describe what happens when a nonsense mutation is introduced into the gene encoding transposase within a transposon and why is it more likely that insertions or deletions will be more detrimental to a cell than point mutations?arrow_forwardThe protein of T2 bacteriophage is labeled with 35S and the DNA with 32p. Where would one detect most of the 32p if the T2 bacteriophage were allowed to infect the bacteria? O on the phage coat surrounding the T2 bacteriophage on the membrane of the infected bacteria O inside the T2 bacteriophage capsid O inside the infected bacteria O The 32P would be equally distributed within the T2 bacteriophage and infected bacteriaarrow_forwardThe linear dsDNA genome of λ binds on the LamB receptor of E. Coli and conducts a normal lysogenic cycle. Exposure to stress will cause the excision of λ prophage from the E. Coli genome. The excised λ genome is then replicated, packaged, and released from the cell as mature λ phage particles and ready to infect other bacterial cells. Among λ phage particles,the transducing phage mediates a specific type of recombination. Understand this scenario and answer the following questions. 1. What are the basic requirements for the insertion of λ into the E. Coli genome? 2. What special features are found in the λ insertion site? 3. What type of recombination occurs with λ insertion in the E. Coli genome? 4. How you will differentiate λ transducing phage from normal λ phage? 5. What exclusive mechanism λ phage utilizes for recombination?arrow_forward
- Refer to Figure , which describes the base modifications of bacteriophage T4 DNA, and briefly describe some issues that must be dealt with in preparing a restriction map of T4 DNA.arrow_forwardBacteriophage λ, after infecting a cell, can integrateinto the chromosome of the cell if the repressor protein, cI, binds to and shuts down phage transcriptionimmediately. (A strain containing a bacteriophageDNA integrated into the chromosome is called a lysogen.) The alternative fate is the production of manymore viruses and lysis of the cell. In a mating, a donor strain that is a lysogen was crossed with a lysogenic recipient cell, and no phages were produced.However, when the lysogen donor strain transferredits DNA to a nonlysogenic recipient cell, the recipientcell burst, releasing a new generation of phages. a. Why did the mating with a nonlysogenic recipientresult in phage growth and release, but the infectionof a lysogenic recipient did not?arrow_forwardThe figure above shows a schematic of genes and transcription control elements from phage λ. Use this figure as an aid to help you describe the molecular events involved in: a) The establishment of lysogeny b) The establishment of a lytic life cyclearrow_forward
- What is the function of PRM?arrow_forwardO The lac operon in E.coli encodes enzymes necessary for the breakdown of lactose. For each enzyme (lac Z and lac Y), indicate with a + or-whether or not it is made when there is no lactose or when there is lactose. B-galactosidase (lac Z) No Lactose Permease (lac Y) Lactose Lactose No Lactose Genotype PP0 Z Y/I P*O*Z•Y* I'POCZ Y*/I P* O©Z*Y° P O Z'Y/I P'OʻZ'Y* PP O ZY*/IP*O*Z*Y* IP OCZ Y /I P*O*Z•Y* IPO ZY*/I* P*O©Z*Y• I'PO*Z Y*/IP'O*Z*Y°arrow_forwardPlease select all cellular processes that do NOT rely on RecA protein function as far as we considered them. bacteriophage lambda switch to lytic stage Lacl repression O LexA repression O natural transformation ODNA damage response O homologous recombination insertion of lambda phage into chromosomearrow_forward
- Parts A-C show the genotypes for partial diploid strains of the lac operon. Gene names have been simplified (ie, LacZ is shown as Z), with alleles shown as standard notations. There are two copies of the operon, one line is the copy in the genome and the other line is on a plasmid. In the blanks, indicate the following based on regulation of the structural gene in the header, choose "functional' if you expect that any amount of normal enzyme will be made, "nonfunctional" if you expect that transcription occurs but the enzyme is mutated, or "no transcription if the structural gene is not transcribed. Assume glucose is absent. LacY Enzyme Activity Genotype of Strain Absence of allolactose I-P+O+Z+Y+ I+P+ O° Z-Y- 1+ P+ OF Z+Y- PP+O+Z-Y+ 1-P+O+Z+Y- I+P-O+Z-Y+ Presence of allolactosearrow_forwardAs shown a genetic switch that controls the choicebetween the lytic and lysogenic cycles of phage λ. What is agenetic switch? Compare the roles of a genetic switch and a simpleoperator site (like the one found in the lac operon) in generegulation.arrow_forwardSome explanation for this image.arrow_forward
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