Chapter 12, Problem 24P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The transformation of $2-$ propanol (isopropyl alcohol) to each of the given compound is to be outlined.

Concept introduction:

Electrophiles are electron deficient species that have positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles that accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron rich species that have negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles that donate electron pair.

Free radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired electrons, which makes it highly chemically reactive.

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

Primary and secondary alcohols react with phosphorus tribromide to yield bromides.

Alkyl bromide is an important precursor for the formation of different products.

The Grignard reagent is produced when magnesium metal and alkenyl halides or alkyl halides react with each other. They are good nucleophiles.

Deuterium oxide is the form of water which contains large isotope of hydrogen called deuterium. It is known as hard water.

The Grignard reagent or RMgX is a polar organometallic reagent that undergoes nucleophilic addition reaction with aldehydes and ketones. It contains organic group which is covalently bonded to magnesium atom, which is also bonded to halogen atom.

Grignard reagent or RMgX can be synthesized from haloalkanes by reacting them with magnesium in the presence of dry ether.