
Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The oxidizing or reducing agents that would be used to carry out each of the given transformation is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Swern oxidation reaction converts primary and secondary alcohols into
Reduction of carbonyl compounds to hydrocarbons is achieved by treating carbonyl compounds with lithium aluminum hydride
Sodium borohydride
Chromic acid oxidation: Oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and use of hydronium (aqueous medium) to further oxidize the aldehydes to
Pyridinium Chlorochromate (PPC): PPC is formed from pyridine, hydrochloric acid, and chromium oxide. This allows for controlled oxidation since this reaction takes place in anhydrous conditions.
Potassium permanganate: It is a strong oxidation agent that converts the primary alcohols and aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. It converts secondary alcohols to ketones. This is not a controlled reaction since the reaction occurs in aqueous medium.
When oxidation takes place, the hydrogen atom attached to the oxygen atom is removed to form aldehydes from alcohols or form carboxylic acids from aldehydes. Compounds with no hydrogen atom attached to oxygen cannot be oxidized using Swern oxidation. Examples of such compounds are tertiary alcohols and ethers.

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Chapter 12 Solutions
EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Draw the mechanism for the following reaction: CH3 CH3 Et-OH Et Edit the reaction by drawing all steps in the appropriate boxes and connecting them with reaction arrows. Add charges where needed. Electron-flow arrows should start on the electron(s) of an atom or a bond and should end on an atom, bond, or location where a new bond should be created. H± EXP. L CONT. י Α [1] осн CH3 а CH3 :Ö Et H 0 N о S 0 Br Et-ÖH | P LL Farrow_forward20.00 mL of 0.150 M NaOH is titrated with 37.75 mL of HCl. What is the molarity of the HCl?arrow_forward20.00 mL of 0.025 M HCl is titrated with 0.035 M KOH. What volume of KOH is needed?arrow_forward
- 20.00 mL of 0.150 M NaOH is titrated with 37.75 mL of HCl. What is the molarity of the HCl?arrow_forward20.00 mL of 0.025 M HCl is titrated with 0.035 M KOH. What volume of KOH is needed?arrow_forward20.00 mL of 0.150 M HCl is titrated with 37.75 mL of NaOH. What is the molarity of the NaOH?arrow_forward
- Calculate the pH of 0.450 M KOH.arrow_forwardWhich does NOT describe a mole? A. a unit used to count particles directly, B. Avogadro’s number of molecules of a compound, C. the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of pure C-12, D. the SI unit for the amount of a substancearrow_forward5 What would the complete ionic reaction be if aqueous solutions of potassium sulfate and barium acetate were mixed? ed of Select one: O a 2 K SO4 + Ba2 +2 C₂H3O21 K+SO4 + Ba2+ + 2 C2H3O21 K+SO42 + Ba2 +2 C2H3O2 BaSO4 +2 K+ + 2 C2H3O estion Ob. O c. Od. 2 K SO4 +Ba2 +2 C₂H₂O₂ BaSO4 + K+ + 2 C2H3O BaSO4 + K + 2 C2H301 →Ba² +SO42 +2 KC2H3O s pagearrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
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