Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133923001
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 1AC
In an alternate universe, although proteins are still constructed of combinations of 20 different amino acids, DNA is constructed of six different
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You are a molecular biologist studying a defective human protein that is known to be the cause of a rare cancer. You isolate the suspected protein from a person with this cancer and compare it to the same protein in a person without the cancer. You discover that the protein isolated from the cancer patient is slightly smaller in size when compared to the protein from the unaffected patient. Furthermore, you discover that the protein from the cancer patient differs in almost every amino acid starting after the twenty-third amino acid. What is the likely explanation?
You are a molecular biologist studying a defective human protein that is known to be a cause of a rare cancer. You isolate the suspected protein from a person with this cancer and compare it to the same protein in a person without the cancer. You discover that the protein isolated from the cancer patient is slightly smaller in size when compared to the protein from the unaffected patient. Furthermore, you discover that the protein from the cancer patient differs in almost every amino acid starting after the 23rd amino acid. What is the likely explanation?
Based on our modern understanding, what revisions are necessary to the original one-gene / one-enzyme hypothesis? (Check all that apply.)
Alternative splicing allows one gene to encode multiple polypeptides.
Some genes encode RNAs, not enzymes.
Some genes encode lipids, not enzymes.
Some genes encode polypeptides that are not enzymes, such as structural proteins.
Proteins as functional units may be composed of several polypeptides, so genes may encode just one polypeptide within a larger protein.
Enzymes are not encoded by genes after all — they are constructed through separate biochemical processes.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 12.1 - describe the experiments of Griffith; Avery,...Ch. 12.1 - explain why these experiments showed that DNA is...Ch. 12.2 - Some viruses, such as the tobacco mosaic virus...Ch. 12.2 - Which do you think would be more difficult to...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 12.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 12.3 - Muscles, Mutations, and Myostatin The sequence of...Ch. 12.3 - How Much Genes Influence Athletic Prowess?Ch. 12.4 - describe the process of DNA replication, including...Ch. 12.4 - explain why DNA replication is called...
Ch. 12.4 - Muscles, Mutations, and Myostatin "Double-muscled"...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 1TCCh. 12.5 - explain what mutations are and how they occur?Ch. 12.5 - explain why mutations are rare?Ch. 12.5 - describe the different types of mutations?Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 12 - If a parental DNA strand has the base sequence...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2MCCh. 12 - Prob. 3MCCh. 12 - The rungs of the DNA double helix consist of a....Ch. 12 - Prob. 5MCCh. 12 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 12 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 12 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 12 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 12 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 12 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 12 - Prob. 1RQCh. 12 - Prob. 2RQCh. 12 - Describe the structure of DNA. Where are the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4RQCh. 12 - Describe the process of DNA replication.Ch. 12 - How do mutations occur? Describe the principal...Ch. 12 - In an alternate universe, although proteins are...Ch. 12 - Genetic information is encoded in the sequence of...
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- You are interested in finding out the function of a particular gene in the mouse genome. You have determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene, defined the portion that codes for its protein product, and searched the relevant database for similar sequences; however, neither the gene nor the encoded protein resembles anything previously described. What types of additional information about the gene and the encoded protein would you like to know in order to narrow down its function, and why?arrow_forwardIn cells, proteins are synthesized from a gene sequence via the process of transcription and translation. Which of the following complementary base pairings would you observe during the synthesis (the making) of a prokaryotic protein? [I am looking for the complementary base pairing(s) you would see as you go from a gene to a protein. Note that it is prokarryotic protein and not eukaryotic protein]. DNA with mRNA mRNA with tRNA mRNA with rRNA rRNA with tRNA A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correctarrow_forwardIn your own wordsarrow_forward
- One of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic genetic material? 1. Eukaryotic genetic material is compacted by wrapping the double-helix around histone proteins to form nucleosomes. 2. Eukaryotic genetic material consists of supercoiled circular DNA molecules complexed with proteins into chromosomes. 3. Eukaryotic genetic material consists of relaxed linear DNA molecules complexed with RNA into a 30 nm fiber. 4. Eukaryotic genetic material is compacted by folding linker regions around non-histone proteins to form a scaffold.arrow_forwardA DNA sequence can be represented as a string of the letters ACTG (short for adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine). (a) How many DNA sequences are exactly 35 letters long? ... 4^35 (b) Given a DNA sequence of length 35, how many one-letter mutations are possible? ... 105 ... (c) Given a DNA sequence of length 35, how many two-letter mutations are possible? ... ... ...arrow_forwardConsider a portion of a gene in a cell with the sequence TTTTT. Which of the following bases would you find in the complementary RNA strand, and where in the (eukaryotic) cell would this RNA be synthesized? A) A-A-A-A-A; ribosome B) U-U-U-U-U; ribosome C) A-A-A-A-A; nucleus D) U-U-U-U-U; nucleusarrow_forward
- If you know that the number of nitrogenous bases in DNA = 4 and the number of amino acids = 20, then the number of possible genetic codes for these acids? choose the correct answer . A)20 B)24 C)60 D)64arrow_forwardA large portion of the human genome is transposons. Collectively, they are most likely: A) an equal mix of DNA and retrotransposons B) mostly DNA transposons because they are found in DNA C) mostly retrotransposons because they copy themselves each time they move D) mostly DNA transposons because they can cut themselves outarrow_forwardCystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by different types of mutations, many of which prevent ions from moving across cell membranes. Normally there are channel proteins that allow passage of the ions, but in patients with one kind of CF these proteins seem odd. Closer examination shows that these proteins display the correct amino acid sequence. However, they fail to do their job. A) Given that the primary structure of the protein is correct, what can you infer about the DNA sequence for the gene coding this protein on this patient, is there a mutation? Explain. B) Why is the primary structure insufficient to guarantee the proper function of the protein?arrow_forward
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