12.100 A reaction important in smog formation is
(a) If the initial concentrations are
(b) If the temperature is increased, as on a very warm day, will the concentrations of the products increase or decrease? (HINT: You may have to calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction to find out if it is exothermic or endothermic.)
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Chapter 12 Solutions
CHEM FOR ENGNRNG SDNTS (EBOOK) W/ACCES
- Show that the complete chemical equation, the total ionic equation, and the net ionic equation for the reaction represented by the equation KI(aq)+I2(aq)KI3(aq) give the same expression for the reaction quotient. KI3 is composed of the ions K+ and I3-.arrow_forward12.103 Methanol, CH3OH, can be produced by the reaction of CO with H2, with the liberation of heat. All species in the reaction are gaseous. What effect will each of the following have on the equilibrium concentration of CO? (a) Pressure is increased, (b) volume of the reaction container is decreased, (c) heat is added, (d) the concentration of CO is increased, (e) some methanol is removed from the container, and (f) H2 is added.arrow_forwardBecause calcium carbonate is a sink for CO32- in a lake, the student in Exercise 12.39 decides to go a step further and examine the equilibrium between carbonate ion and CaCOj. The reaction is Ca2+(aq) + COj2_(aq) ** CaCO,(s) The equilibrium constant for this reaction is 2.1 X 10*. If the initial calcium ion concentration is 0.02 AI and the carbonate concentration is 0.03 AI, what are the equilibrium concentrations of the ions? A student is simulating the carbonic acid—hydrogen carbonate equilibrium in a lake: H2COj(aq) H+(aq) + HCO}‘(aq) K = 4.4 X 10"7 She starts with 0.1000 AI carbonic acid. What are the concentrations of all species at equilibrium?arrow_forward
- Fluorine, F2, dissociates into atoms on heating. 12F2(g)F(g) The value of Kp at 842C is 7.55 102 What is the value of Kc at this temperature?arrow_forwardCyclohexane, C6H12, a hydrocarbon, can isomerize or change into methylcyclopentane, a compound of the same formula (C5H9CH3) but with a different molecular structure. sssss The equilibrium constant has been estimated to be 0.12 at 25 C. If you had originally placed 0.045 mol of cyclohexane in a 2.8-L flask, what would be the concentrations of cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane when equilibrium is established?arrow_forwardFor the reaction N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) show that Kc = Kp(RT)2 Do not use the formula Kp = Kc(RT)5n given in the text. Start from the fact that Pi = [i]RT, where Pi is the partial pressure of substance i and [i] is its molar concentration. Substitute into Kc.arrow_forward
- At 2300 K the equilibrium constant for the formation of NO(g) is 1.7 103. N2(g) + O2(g) 2 NO(g) (a) Analysis shows that the concentrations of N2 and O2 are both 0.25 M, and that of NO is 0.0042 M under certain conditions. Is the system at equilibrium? (b) If the system is not at equilibrium, in which direction does the reaction proceed? (c) When the system is at equilibrium, what are the equilibrium concentrations?arrow_forwardThe reaction 2 NO2(g) N2O4(g) has an equilibrium constant, Kc, of 170 at 25 C. If 2.0 103 mol of NO2 is present in a 10.-L. Flask along with 1.5 103 mol of N2O4, is the system at equilibrium? If it is not at equilibrium, does the concentration of NO2 increase or decrease as the system proceeds to equilibrium?arrow_forwardThe equilibrium constant Kc for the synthesis of methanol, CH3OH. CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g) is 4.3 at 250C and 1.8 at 275C. Is this reaction endothermic or exothermic?arrow_forward
- Dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4, is a colorless gas (boiling point, 21C), which dissociates to give nitrogen dioxide, NO2 a reddish brown gas. N2O4(g)2NO2(g) The equilibrium constant Kc at 25C is 0.125. What percentage of dinitrogen tetroxidc is dissociated when 0.0400 mol N2O4 is placed in a 1.00-L flask at 25C?arrow_forwardWrite expressions for K and Kp for the following reactions. a. 2NH3(g)+CO2(g)N2CH4O(s)+H2O(g) b. 2NBr3(s)N2(g)+3Br2(g) c. 2KClO3(s)2KCl(s)+3O2(g) d. CuO(s)+H2(g)Cu(l)+H2O(g)arrow_forwardAt a particular temperature, iodine vapor, I2, is added to a bulb containing H2(g). Describe what is happening to the concentrations of reactants on the molecular level: (a) at the moment I2 enters the reaction bulb (b) as reaction proceeds (c) at equilibriumarrow_forward
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