Chapter 12, Problem 12.98PAE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The following equilibrium is established in a closed container.

${\text{C(s)+O}}_{\text{2}}\text{(g)}\rightleftharpoons {\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\text{ (g) ΔH=}-\text{393 kJ}$

The change in equilibrium concentration of C(s), O₂ (g) and CO₂(g) due to the following changes should be identified.

Pressure is decreased

Temperature is increased

Carbon is added

Oxygen is added

Carbon dioxide is added

Volume of the system is increased

Catalyst is added

Heat source is removed.

Concept introduction:

According to Le Chatelier’s principle, to any change in reaction at equilibrium, the reaction will shift to the direction to overcome that change. For any reaction, the species, in pure solid or liquid form are not shown in expression of equilibrium constant, thus, any change in those species will not affect the equilibrium.