Chapter 12, Problem 12.5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reason behind greater hydrated diameter for ${\text{Mg}}^{2+}$ ion than ${\text{Ba}}^{2+}$ ion has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Debye Huckel law quantifies activity coefficient in terms of ionic strength as follows:

  $\log \text{γ}=-0.509z^2\sqrt{\text{μ}}$

Here

$z$ denotes charge.

$\text{μ}$ denotes ionic strength.

$\text{γ}$ denotes activity coefficient.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reason behind indicated order observed for has to be explained.

  ${\text{Sn}}^{4+}>{\text{In}}^{3+}>{\text{Cd}}^{2+}>{\text{Rb}}^{+}$

Concept Introduction:

Extended Debye Huckel law quantifies activity coefficient in terms of ionic strength and hydrated size as follows:

  $\log \text{γ}=\frac{-0.509z^2\sqrt{\text{μ}}}{1+\left(\text{α}\sqrt{\text{μ}}\text{/}305\right)}$

Here,

$z$ denotes charge.

$\text{μ}$ denotes ionic strength.

$\text{γ}$ denotes activity coefficient.

$\text{α}$ denotes hydrated size.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Reason behind highest hydrated size for ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{+}$ has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).