To analyze whether the given statement- There are two classes of unsaturated hydrocarbons - alkenes and alkynes , is true or false. Concept Introduction: Hydrocarbons consists of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. They are further classified as saturated or unsaturated on the basis that the hydrocarbon has all single bonds, or it involves double or triple bond also. The hydrocarbon that has all single bond is called as alkane with the general formula C n H 2 n + 2 The hydrocarbon that has at least one double bond is called as alkene wit the general formula C n H 2 n The hydrocarbon that has at least one triple bond is called as alkyne wit the general formula C n H 2 n − 2

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement- There are two classes of unsaturated hydrocarbons-alkenes and alkynes, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Hydrocarbons consists of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. They are further classified as saturated or unsaturated on the basis that the hydrocarbon has all single bonds, or it involves double or triple bond also.

The hydrocarbon that has all single bond is called as alkane with the general formula CnH2n+2

The hydrocarbon that has at least one double bond is called as alkene wit the general formula CnH2n

The hydrocarbon that has at least one triple bond is called as alkyne wit the general formula CnH2n−2

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

There are two classes of unsaturated hydrocarbons-alkenes and alkynes. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Hydrocarbons consists of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. They are further classified as saturated or unsaturated on the basis that the hydrocarbon has all single bonds or it involves double or triple bond also.

The hydrocarbon that has all single bond is called as alkane with the general formula CnH2n+2

Example- Ethane

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 1

The hydrocarbon that has at least one double bond is called as alkene with the general formula CnH2n

Example- Ethene

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 2

The hydrocarbon that has at least one triple bond is called as alkyne with the general formula CnH2n−2

Example- Ethyene

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 3

Since all the bonds in alkenes and alkynes are not single bonds, they are unsaturated hydrocarbons

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement- The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from renewable resources , is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Ethylene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon, with the formulaC2H4 and structure given as-

Renewable sources are those sources which when used once can be generated again.e.g. solar energy is a renewable source of energy.

Non-renewable sourcesare those sources which when used once are generated after millions of years e.g. coal and petroleum are non-renewable sources of energy.

The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources. Thus, the statement is true.

There are several methods by which ethylene is extracted

Steam Cracking of-

Ethane and propane from natural gas or crude oil

Naptha from crude oil

Catalytic cracking of gas oil from crude oil

Crude oil and natural gas both are non-renewable sources. Therefore, the bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Ethylene and acetylene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

Ethylene and acetylene are not constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is false.

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for ethylene

C2H4

The structural formula for ethylene-

The molecular formula for acetylene

C2H2

The structural formula for acetylene-

Since ethylene and acetylene neither have same molecular formula nor structural formula. So they are not constitutional formula.

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is true.

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for Cyclohexane

C6H12

The structural formula for Cyclohexane -

Cyclohexane

The molecular formula for 1-hexene

C6H12

The structural formula for 1-hexene -

1-hexene

Since, cyclohexane and 1-hexene have same molecular formula and structural formula so, they are constitutional formula.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

There are several methods by which ethylene is extracted

Steam Cracking of-
Ethane and propane from natural gas or crude oil
Naptha from crude oil
Catalytic cracking of gas oil from crude oil

Crude oil and natural gas both are non-renewable sources. Therefore, the bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Ethylene and acetylene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

Ethylene and acetylene are not constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for ethylene

C2H4

The structural formula for ethylene-

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 15

The molecular formula for acetylene

C2H2

The structural formula for acetylene-

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 16

Since ethylene and acetylene neither have same molecular formula nor structural formula. So they are not constitutional formula.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for Cyclohexane

C6H12

The structural formula for Cyclohexane -

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 19

Cyclohexane

The molecular formula for 1-hexene

C6H12

The structural formula for 1-hexene -

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 20

1-hexene

Since, cyclohexane and 1-hexene have same molecular formula and structural formula so, they are constitutional formula.

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MISSED THIS? Read Section 19.9 (Pages 878-881); Watch IWE 19.10 Consider the following reaction: CH3OH(g) CO(g) + 2H2(g) (Note that AG,CH3OH(g) = -162.3 kJ/mol and AG,co(g)=-137.2 kJ/mol.) Part A Calculate AG for this reaction at 25 °C under the following conditions: PCH₂OH Pco PH2 0.815 atm = 0.140 atm 0.170 atm Express your answer in kilojoules to three significant figures. Ο ΑΣΦ AG = -150 Submit Previous Answers Request Answer □? kJ × Incorrect; Try Again; 2 attempts remaining Calculate the free energy change under nonstandard conditions (AGrxn) by using the following relationship: AGrxn = AGrxn + RTInQ, AGxn+RTInQ, where AGxn is the standard free energy change, R is the ideal gas constant, T is the temperature in kelvins, a is the reaction quotient. Provide Feedback Next >

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement- There are two classes of unsaturated hydrocarbons-alkenes and alkynes, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Hydrocarbons consists of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. They are further classified as saturated or unsaturated on the basis that the hydrocarbon has all single bonds, or it involves double or triple bond also.

The hydrocarbon that has all single bond is called as alkane with the general formula CnH2n+2

The hydrocarbon that has at least one double bond is called as alkene wit the general formula CnH2n

The hydrocarbon that has at least one triple bond is called as alkyne wit the general formula CnH2n−2

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

There are two classes of unsaturated hydrocarbons-alkenes and alkynes. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Hydrocarbons consists of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. They are further classified as saturated or unsaturated on the basis that the hydrocarbon has all single bonds or it involves double or triple bond also.

The hydrocarbon that has all single bond is called as alkane with the general formula CnH2n+2

Example- Ethane

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 1

The hydrocarbon that has at least one double bond is called as alkene with the general formula CnH2n

Example- Ethene

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 2

The hydrocarbon that has at least one triple bond is called as alkyne with the general formula CnH2n−2

Example- Ethyene

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 3

Since all the bonds in alkenes and alkynes are not single bonds, they are unsaturated hydrocarbons

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement- The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from renewable resources , is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Ethylene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon, with the formulaC2H4 and structure given as-

Renewable sources are those sources which when used once can be generated again.e.g. solar energy is a renewable source of energy.

Non-renewable sourcesare those sources which when used once are generated after millions of years e.g. coal and petroleum are non-renewable sources of energy.

The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources. Thus, the statement is true.

There are several methods by which ethylene is extracted

Steam Cracking of-

Ethane and propane from natural gas or crude oil

Naptha from crude oil

Catalytic cracking of gas oil from crude oil

Crude oil and natural gas both are non-renewable sources. Therefore, the bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Ethylene and acetylene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

Ethylene and acetylene are not constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is false.

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for ethylene

C2H4

The structural formula for ethylene-

The molecular formula for acetylene

C2H2

The structural formula for acetylene-

Since ethylene and acetylene neither have same molecular formula nor structural formula. So they are not constitutional formula.

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is true.

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for Cyclohexane

C6H12

The structural formula for Cyclohexane -

Cyclohexane

The molecular formula for 1-hexene

C6H12

The structural formula for 1-hexene -

1-hexene

Since, cyclohexane and 1-hexene have same molecular formula and structural formula so, they are constitutional formula.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

There are several methods by which ethylene is extracted

Steam Cracking of-
Ethane and propane from natural gas or crude oil
Naptha from crude oil
Catalytic cracking of gas oil from crude oil

Crude oil and natural gas both are non-renewable sources. Therefore, the bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Ethylene and acetylene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

Ethylene and acetylene are not constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for ethylene

C2H4

The structural formula for ethylene-

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 15

The molecular formula for acetylene

C2H2

The structural formula for acetylene-

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 16

Since ethylene and acetylene neither have same molecular formula nor structural formula. So they are not constitutional formula.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for Cyclohexane

C6H12

The structural formula for Cyclohexane -

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 19

Cyclohexane

The molecular formula for 1-hexene

C6H12

The structural formula for 1-hexene -

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 20

1-hexene

Since, cyclohexane and 1-hexene have same molecular formula and structural formula so, they are constitutional formula.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement- There are two classes of unsaturated hydrocarbons-alkenes and alkynes, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Hydrocarbons consists of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. They are further classified as saturated or unsaturated on the basis that the hydrocarbon has all single bonds, or it involves double or triple bond also.

The hydrocarbon that has all single bond is called as alkane with the general formula CnH2n+2

The hydrocarbon that has at least one double bond is called as alkene wit the general formula CnH2n

The hydrocarbon that has at least one triple bond is called as alkyne wit the general formula CnH2n−2

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

There are two classes of unsaturated hydrocarbons-alkenes and alkynes. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Hydrocarbons consists of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. They are further classified as saturated or unsaturated on the basis that the hydrocarbon has all single bonds or it involves double or triple bond also.

The hydrocarbon that has all single bond is called as alkane with the general formula CnH2n+2

Example- Ethane

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 1

The hydrocarbon that has at least one double bond is called as alkene with the general formula CnH2n

Example- Ethene

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 2

The hydrocarbon that has at least one triple bond is called as alkyne with the general formula CnH2n−2

Example- Ethyene

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 3

Since all the bonds in alkenes and alkynes are not single bonds, they are unsaturated hydrocarbons

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement- The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from renewable resources , is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Ethylene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon, with the formulaC2H4 and structure given as-

Renewable sources are those sources which when used once can be generated again.e.g. solar energy is a renewable source of energy.

Non-renewable sourcesare those sources which when used once are generated after millions of years e.g. coal and petroleum are non-renewable sources of energy.

The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources. Thus, the statement is true.

There are several methods by which ethylene is extracted

Steam Cracking of-

Ethane and propane from natural gas or crude oil

Naptha from crude oil

Catalytic cracking of gas oil from crude oil

Crude oil and natural gas both are non-renewable sources. Therefore, the bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Ethylene and acetylene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

Ethylene and acetylene are not constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is false.

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for ethylene

C2H4

The structural formula for ethylene-

The molecular formula for acetylene

C2H2

The structural formula for acetylene-

Since ethylene and acetylene neither have same molecular formula nor structural formula. So they are not constitutional formula.

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is true.

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for Cyclohexane

C6H12

The structural formula for Cyclohexane -

Cyclohexane

The molecular formula for 1-hexene

C6H12

The structural formula for 1-hexene -

1-hexene

Since, cyclohexane and 1-hexene have same molecular formula and structural formula so, they are constitutional formula.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

There are several methods by which ethylene is extracted

Steam Cracking of-
Ethane and propane from natural gas or crude oil
Naptha from crude oil
Catalytic cracking of gas oil from crude oil

Crude oil and natural gas both are non-renewable sources. Therefore, the bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Ethylene and acetylene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

Ethylene and acetylene are not constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for ethylene

C2H4

The structural formula for ethylene-

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 15

The molecular formula for acetylene

C2H2

The structural formula for acetylene-

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 16

Since ethylene and acetylene neither have same molecular formula nor structural formula. So they are not constitutional formula.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for Cyclohexane

C6H12

The structural formula for Cyclohexane -

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 19

Cyclohexane

The molecular formula for 1-hexene

C6H12

The structural formula for 1-hexene -

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 20

1-hexene

Since, cyclohexane and 1-hexene have same molecular formula and structural formula so, they are constitutional formula.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement- There are two classes of unsaturated hydrocarbons-alkenes and alkynes, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Hydrocarbons consists of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. They are further classified as saturated or unsaturated on the basis that the hydrocarbon has all single bonds, or it involves double or triple bond also.

The hydrocarbon that has all single bond is called as alkane with the general formula CnH2n+2

The hydrocarbon that has at least one double bond is called as alkene wit the general formula CnH2n

The hydrocarbon that has at least one triple bond is called as alkyne wit the general formula CnH2n−2

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

There are two classes of unsaturated hydrocarbons-alkenes and alkynes. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Hydrocarbons consists of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. They are further classified as saturated or unsaturated on the basis that the hydrocarbon has all single bonds or it involves double or triple bond also.

The hydrocarbon that has all single bond is called as alkane with the general formula CnH2n+2

Example- Ethane

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 1

The hydrocarbon that has at least one double bond is called as alkene with the general formula CnH2n

Example- Ethene

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 2

The hydrocarbon that has at least one triple bond is called as alkyne with the general formula CnH2n−2

Example- Ethyene

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 3

Since all the bonds in alkenes and alkynes are not single bonds, they are unsaturated hydrocarbons

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement- The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from renewable resources , is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Ethylene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon, with the formulaC2H4 and structure given as-

Renewable sources are those sources which when used once can be generated again.e.g. solar energy is a renewable source of energy.

Non-renewable sourcesare those sources which when used once are generated after millions of years e.g. coal and petroleum are non-renewable sources of energy.

The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources. Thus, the statement is true.

There are several methods by which ethylene is extracted

Steam Cracking of-

Ethane and propane from natural gas or crude oil

Naptha from crude oil

Catalytic cracking of gas oil from crude oil

Crude oil and natural gas both are non-renewable sources. Therefore, the bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Ethylene and acetylene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

Ethylene and acetylene are not constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is false.

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for ethylene

C2H4

The structural formula for ethylene-

The molecular formula for acetylene

C2H2

The structural formula for acetylene-

Since ethylene and acetylene neither have same molecular formula nor structural formula. So they are not constitutional formula.

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is true.

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for Cyclohexane

C6H12

The structural formula for Cyclohexane -

Cyclohexane

The molecular formula for 1-hexene

C6H12

The structural formula for 1-hexene -

1-hexene

Since, cyclohexane and 1-hexene have same molecular formula and structural formula so, they are constitutional formula.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

There are several methods by which ethylene is extracted

Steam Cracking of-
Ethane and propane from natural gas or crude oil
Naptha from crude oil
Catalytic cracking of gas oil from crude oil

Crude oil and natural gas both are non-renewable sources. Therefore, the bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Ethylene and acetylene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

Ethylene and acetylene are not constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for ethylene

C2H4

The structural formula for ethylene-

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 15

The molecular formula for acetylene

C2H2

The structural formula for acetylene-

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 16

Since ethylene and acetylene neither have same molecular formula nor structural formula. So they are not constitutional formula.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for Cyclohexane

C6H12

The structural formula for Cyclohexane -

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 19

Cyclohexane

The molecular formula for 1-hexene

C6H12

The structural formula for 1-hexene -

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 20

1-hexene

Since, cyclohexane and 1-hexene have same molecular formula and structural formula so, they are constitutional formula.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement- There are two classes of unsaturated hydrocarbons-alkenes and alkynes, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Hydrocarbons consists of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. They are further classified as saturated or unsaturated on the basis that the hydrocarbon has all single bonds, or it involves double or triple bond also.

The hydrocarbon that has all single bond is called as alkane with the general formula CnH2n+2

The hydrocarbon that has at least one double bond is called as alkene wit the general formula CnH2n

The hydrocarbon that has at least one triple bond is called as alkyne wit the general formula CnH2n−2

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

There are two classes of unsaturated hydrocarbons-alkenes and alkynes. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Hydrocarbons consists of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. They are further classified as saturated or unsaturated on the basis that the hydrocarbon has all single bonds or it involves double or triple bond also.

The hydrocarbon that has all single bond is called as alkane with the general formula CnH2n+2

Example- Ethane

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 1

The hydrocarbon that has at least one double bond is called as alkene with the general formula CnH2n

Example- Ethene

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 2

The hydrocarbon that has at least one triple bond is called as alkyne with the general formula CnH2n−2

Example- Ethyene

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 3

Since all the bonds in alkenes and alkynes are not single bonds, they are unsaturated hydrocarbons

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement- The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from renewable resources , is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Ethylene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon, with the formulaC2H4 and structure given as-

Renewable sources are those sources which when used once can be generated again.e.g. solar energy is a renewable source of energy.

Non-renewable sourcesare those sources which when used once are generated after millions of years e.g. coal and petroleum are non-renewable sources of energy.

The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources. Thus, the statement is true.

There are several methods by which ethylene is extracted

Steam Cracking of-

Ethane and propane from natural gas or crude oil

Naptha from crude oil

Catalytic cracking of gas oil from crude oil

Crude oil and natural gas both are non-renewable sources. Therefore, the bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Ethylene and acetylene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

Ethylene and acetylene are not constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is false.

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for ethylene

C2H4

The structural formula for ethylene-

The molecular formula for acetylene

C2H2

The structural formula for acetylene-

Since ethylene and acetylene neither have same molecular formula nor structural formula. So they are not constitutional formula.

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is true.

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for Cyclohexane

C6H12

The structural formula for Cyclohexane -

Cyclohexane

The molecular formula for 1-hexene

C6H12

The structural formula for 1-hexene -

1-hexene

Since, cyclohexane and 1-hexene have same molecular formula and structural formula so, they are constitutional formula.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

There are several methods by which ethylene is extracted

Steam Cracking of-
Ethane and propane from natural gas or crude oil
Naptha from crude oil
Catalytic cracking of gas oil from crude oil

Crude oil and natural gas both are non-renewable sources. Therefore, the bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Ethylene and acetylene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

Ethylene and acetylene are not constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for ethylene

C2H4

The structural formula for ethylene-

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 15

The molecular formula for acetylene

C2H2

The structural formula for acetylene-

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 16

Since ethylene and acetylene neither have same molecular formula nor structural formula. So they are not constitutional formula.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for Cyclohexane

C6H12

The structural formula for Cyclohexane -

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 19

Cyclohexane

The molecular formula for 1-hexene

C6H12

The structural formula for 1-hexene -

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 20

1-hexene

Since, cyclohexane and 1-hexene have same molecular formula and structural formula so, they are constitutional formula.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement- There are two classes of unsaturated hydrocarbons-alkenes and alkynes, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Hydrocarbons consists of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. They are further classified as saturated or unsaturated on the basis that the hydrocarbon has all single bonds, or it involves double or triple bond also.

The hydrocarbon that has all single bond is called as alkane with the general formula CnH2n+2

The hydrocarbon that has at least one double bond is called as alkene wit the general formula CnH2n

The hydrocarbon that has at least one triple bond is called as alkyne wit the general formula CnH2n−2

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

There are two classes of unsaturated hydrocarbons-alkenes and alkynes. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Hydrocarbons consists of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. They are further classified as saturated or unsaturated on the basis that the hydrocarbon has all single bonds or it involves double or triple bond also.

The hydrocarbon that has all single bond is called as alkane with the general formula CnH2n+2

Example- Ethane

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 1

The hydrocarbon that has at least one double bond is called as alkene with the general formula CnH2n

Example- Ethene

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 2

The hydrocarbon that has at least one triple bond is called as alkyne with the general formula CnH2n−2

Example- Ethyene

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 3

Since all the bonds in alkenes and alkynes are not single bonds, they are unsaturated hydrocarbons

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement- There are two classes of unsaturated hydrocarbons-alkenes and alkynes, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Hydrocarbons consists of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. They are further classified as saturated or unsaturated on the basis that the hydrocarbon has all single bonds, or it involves double or triple bond also.

The hydrocarbon that has all single bond is called as alkane with the general formula CnH2n+2

The hydrocarbon that has at least one double bond is called as alkene wit the general formula CnH2n

The hydrocarbon that has at least one triple bond is called as alkyne wit the general formula CnH2n−2

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

There are two classes of unsaturated hydrocarbons-alkenes and alkynes. Thus, the statement is true.

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

Hydrocarbons consists of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. They are further classified as saturated or unsaturated on the basis that the hydrocarbon has all single bonds or it involves double or triple bond also.

The hydrocarbon that has all single bond is called as alkane with the general formula CnH2n+2

Example- Ethane

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 1

The hydrocarbon that has at least one double bond is called as alkene with the general formula CnH2n

Example- Ethene

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 2

The hydrocarbon that has at least one triple bond is called as alkyne with the general formula CnH2n−2

Example- Ethyene

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 3

Since all the bonds in alkenes and alkynes are not single bonds, they are unsaturated hydrocarbons

Answer 13

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement- The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from renewable resources , is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Ethylene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon, with the formulaC2H4 and structure given as-

Renewable sources are those sources which when used once can be generated again.e.g. solar energy is a renewable source of energy.

Non-renewable sourcesare those sources which when used once are generated after millions of years e.g. coal and petroleum are non-renewable sources of energy.

The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources. Thus, the statement is true.

There are several methods by which ethylene is extracted

Steam Cracking of-

Ethane and propane from natural gas or crude oil

Naptha from crude oil

Catalytic cracking of gas oil from crude oil

Crude oil and natural gas both are non-renewable sources. Therefore, the bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Ethylene and acetylene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

Ethylene and acetylene are not constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is false.

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for ethylene

C2H4

The structural formula for ethylene-

The molecular formula for acetylene

C2H2

The structural formula for acetylene-

Since ethylene and acetylene neither have same molecular formula nor structural formula. So they are not constitutional formula.

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is true.

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for Cyclohexane

C6H12

The structural formula for Cyclohexane -

Cyclohexane

The molecular formula for 1-hexene

C6H12

The structural formula for 1-hexene -

1-hexene

Since, cyclohexane and 1-hexene have same molecular formula and structural formula so, they are constitutional formula.

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

There are several methods by which ethylene is extracted

Steam Cracking of-
Ethane and propane from natural gas or crude oil
Naptha from crude oil
Catalytic cracking of gas oil from crude oil

Crude oil and natural gas both are non-renewable sources. Therefore, the bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources

Answer 14

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement- The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from renewable resources , is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

Ethylene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon, with the formulaC2H4 and structure given as-

Renewable sources are those sources which when used once can be generated again.e.g. solar energy is a renewable source of energy.

Non-renewable sourcesare those sources which when used once are generated after millions of years e.g. coal and petroleum are non-renewable sources of energy.

The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources. Thus, the statement is true.

There are several methods by which ethylene is extracted

Steam Cracking of-

Ethane and propane from natural gas or crude oil

Naptha from crude oil

Catalytic cracking of gas oil from crude oil

Crude oil and natural gas both are non-renewable sources. Therefore, the bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Ethylene and acetylene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

Ethylene and acetylene are not constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is false.

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for ethylene

C2H4

The structural formula for ethylene-

The molecular formula for acetylene

C2H2

The structural formula for acetylene-

Since ethylene and acetylene neither have same molecular formula nor structural formula. So they are not constitutional formula.

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is true.

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for Cyclohexane

C6H12

The structural formula for Cyclohexane -

Cyclohexane

The molecular formula for 1-hexene

C6H12

The structural formula for 1-hexene -

1-hexene

Since, cyclohexane and 1-hexene have same molecular formula and structural formula so, they are constitutional formula.

Answer 15

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

The bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources. Thus, the statement is true.

Answer 16

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 17

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

There are several methods by which ethylene is extracted

Steam Cracking of-
Ethane and propane from natural gas or crude oil
Naptha from crude oil
Catalytic cracking of gas oil from crude oil

Crude oil and natural gas both are non-renewable sources. Therefore, the bulk of the ethylene used by the chemical industry worldwide is obtained from non-renewable resources

Answer 20

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Ethylene and acetylene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

Ethylene and acetylene are not constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for ethylene

C2H4

The structural formula for ethylene-

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 15

The molecular formula for acetylene

C2H2

The structural formula for acetylene-

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 16

Since ethylene and acetylene neither have same molecular formula nor structural formula. So they are not constitutional formula.

Answer 21

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Ethylene and acetylene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

Answer 22

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

Ethylene and acetylene are not constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is false.

Answer 23

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 24

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Explanation of Solution

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for ethylene

C2H4

The structural formula for ethylene-

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 15

The molecular formula for acetylene

C2H2

The structural formula for acetylene-

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 16

Since ethylene and acetylene neither have same molecular formula nor structural formula. So they are not constitutional formula.

Answer 27

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for Cyclohexane

C6H12

The structural formula for Cyclohexane -

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 19

Cyclohexane

The molecular formula for 1-hexene

C6H12

The structural formula for 1-hexene -

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 20

1-hexene

Since, cyclohexane and 1-hexene have same molecular formula and structural formula so, they are constitutional formula.

Answer 28

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the give statement- Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers, is true or false.

Concept Introduction:

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula. For example- 2-Chloro butane and 1-Chloro butane are constitutional isomers.

2-Chlorobutane 1-Chlorobutane

Answer 29

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 12.11P

Cyclohexane and 1-hexene are constitutional isomers. Thus, the statement is true.

Answer 30

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 31

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Explanation of Solution

There are compounds which have same constituents but differ in the arrangement of atoms in space. The constitutional isomers are those compounds that have same molecular formula but different structural formula.

The molecular formula for Cyclohexane

C6H12

The structural formula for Cyclohexane -

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 19

Cyclohexane

The molecular formula for 1-hexene

C6H12

The structural formula for 1-hexene -

OWLv2 for Bettelheim/Brown/Campbell/Farrell/Torres' Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th Edition, [Instant Access], 1 term (6 months), Chapter 12, Problem 12.11P , additional homework tip 20

1-hexene

Since, cyclohexane and 1-hexene have same molecular formula and structural formula so, they are constitutional formula.