Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780133922851
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11.4, Problem 3CC
Summary Introduction
To determine: The affect on the cell signaling pathways due to the activation of malfunctioning protein phosphatases.
Concept introduction: The mutation or the malfunctioning of the protein molecules will lead to a constant activation of the protein response without inhibition inside the cell. The function of the protein phosphatases is to remove the phosphate group from the protein signaling leading to an inhibition of the cell signaling pathway.
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Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 All second messengers are water-soluble and dif-fuse freely through the cytosol.2 In the regulation of molecular switches, proteinkinases and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs)always turn proteins on, whereas protein phosphatasesand GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) always turn pro-teins off.3 Most intracellular signaling pathways providenumerous opportunities for amplifying the responses toextracellular signals.4 Binding of extracellular ligands to receptor tyro-sine kinases (RTKs) activates the intracellular catalyticdomain by propagating a conformational change acrossthe lipid bilayer through a single transmembrane α helix.5 Protein tyrosine phosphatases display exquisitespecificity for their substrates, unlike most serine/thre-onine protein phosphatases, which have rather broadspecificity.6 Even though plants and animals independentlyevolved multicellularity, they use virtually all the same sig-naling proteins and second…
Draw a cell. Draw a receptor that binds to a signaling molecule on the outside of the cell and a receptor that binds to a signaling molecule on the inside of the cell. What property does a signaling molecule that crosses the cell membrane (plasma membrane) need?
Pane
Create a diagram which illustrates the typical signalling mechanism of action of g protein coupled
and possible routes of communication (autocrine etc.). Should show the specific molecules
involved, the mechanisms of signal transduction and indicate the different pathways that are
activated. It should include a specific example of a receptor, ligand and signalling pathway for
each general class. Include as wide a variety of ligands and modes of action as you can. for a
novel pathway.
Superfamily
Give the superfamily to which the receptor belongs
Accession
Give the Uniprot accession number
Name
Give the molecule name
Species
Give the species
Ligand
What is the ligand, or class of ligands which bind to this receptor?
Key
What are the physiological processes involved? Is this autocrine,
physiological
paracrine or endocrine or some combination of them? What is the
pathology of the receptor?
process
involved
What are the downstream actions of the receptor? Which molecules
does it…
Chapter 11 Solutions
Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
Ch. 11.1 - Explain how signaling is involved in ensuring that...Ch. 11.1 - In liver cells, glycogen Phosphorylase acts in...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.2 - Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a water-soluble...Ch. 11.2 - WHAT IF? What would the effect be if a cell made...Ch. 11.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How is ligand binding similar to...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 11.3 - What is a protein kinase, and what is its role in...Ch. 11.3 - When a signal transduction pathway involves a...Ch. 11.3 - What is the actual signal that is being transduced...
Ch. 11.3 - WHAT IF? If you exposed a cell to a ligand that...Ch. 11.4 - How can a targct cell's response to a single...Ch. 11.4 - WHAT IF? If two cells have different scaffolding...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.5 - Give an example of apoptosis during embryonic...Ch. 11.5 - WH AT IF? If apoptosis occurred when it should...Ch. 11 - What determines whether a cell responds to a...Ch. 11 - How are the structures of a GPCR and an RTK...Ch. 11 - What is the difference between a protein kinase...Ch. 11 - What mechanisms in the cell terminale its response...Ch. 11 - What is an explanation for the similarities...Ch. 11 - Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of...Ch. 11 - The activation of receptor tyrosinc kinases is...Ch. 11 - Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as...Ch. 11 - Consider this pathway: epinephrine G...Ch. 11 - Apoptosis involves all but which of the following?...Ch. 11 - Which Observation suggestcd to Sutherland the...Ch. 11 - Protein phosphorylation is commonly involved with...Ch. 11 - DRAW IT Draw the following apoptotic pathway,...Ch. 11 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Identify the evolutlonary...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 11 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY The aging process...Ch. 11 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION The properties...Ch. 11 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE There are five basic...
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- 1) Amino acids that contain hydroxyl groups in their R-groups can be phosphorylated during cellular signaling. (a) What amino acids can be phosphorylated? (use the one letter amino acid abbreviations) (b) Does phosphorylation turn a signaling protein “on” or “off”? (c) Whatis the most common source of a phosphate used to phosphorylate a protein (d) What enzyme type (or category of enzymes)removes phosphates from proteins?arrow_forwardPlease note whether each protein is either a Kinase (K), ATPase (A), GTPase (G), Membrane protein (M). Some proteins may need more than one letter: Dynamin [Choose ] Porin [Choose ] EGF Receptor [Choose ] CD4 [Choose ] P-glycoprotein [Choose ] Rho [Choose ] <arrow_forwardGive answer all questions with explanationarrow_forward
- . which of the following statements about heterotrimetric G proteins and their receptors is incorrect? A: when GTP binds to the alpha subunit of the G protein, the beta-gamma subunit dissociates from the alpha subunit B: G-protein coupled receptors contain nine transmembrane alpha helices C: binding of arrestin causes removal of the receptor from the membrane D: G protein- coupled receptors may be desensitized by serine phosphorylation I had chosen option A and got it wrong. What is the Correct answer and explain how it is. Also, where did i go wrong in choosing option A?arrow_forward. What would happen in each of the following cases? Assume in each case that the protein involved is a soluble protein, not a membrane protein. You add a signal sequence (for the ER) to the N-terminal end of a normally cytosolic protein. You change the hydrophobic amino acids in an ER signal sequence into charged amino acids. You change the hydrophobic amino acids in an ER signal sequence into other hydrophobic amino acids. 4 You move the N-terminal ER signal sequence to the C-terminal end of the protein.arrow_forwardCreate a diagram which illustrates the typical signaling mechanism of action of g protein coupled land possible routes of communication (autocrine etc.). Should show the specific molecules involved, the mechanisms of signal transduction and indicate the different pathways that are activated. It should include a specific example of a receptor, ligand and signalling pathway for each general class. Include as wide a variety of ligands and modes of action as you can. for a novel pathway.arrow_forward
- Need helparrow_forwardDiscuss Signaling by Receptors that Interact with Cytoplasmic Janus Kinases?arrow_forwardWhen a trimeric G protein is activated by GPCR? The three subunit of the G protein remain tightly associated with each other; the GDP bound to the a subunit is phosphorylated to form bound GTP; it dissociates into a free B subunit and an ay subunit Options: hydrolyzed, cleaves, phosphorylate, dephosphorylates, folds, glycosates; gtp, gdp, cgmp, atp, adp, camp; cleaves, phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, unfolds, glcosylates, deglycosylate; leucine kinases, glycine kinase, Tyrosine kinases, valine kinase; triimetization, dimerization, monomerizationarrow_forward
- Do not use Aiarrow_forwardIn the hypothetical signaling pathway shown below, the hormone 'square' binds to its high-affinity receptor, which activates a protein 'X,' which diffuses to and activates the enzyme 'Q synthase'. When active, Q synthase catalyzes the conversion of 'P' to 'Q.' 'Q' then diffuses to the enzyme 'C kinase', which catalyzes the phosphorylation of 'C'. Phosphorylated 'C' then diffuses to and binds to the Ca* channels in an organelle membrane, which causes them to open and release Ca, which then triggers the cellular response. The second messenger in this pathway is Square Q synthase C kinase AGBO +. ARP Ca2+arrow_forward. If a cell has an excess of a subunits, what is likely to happen to signaling pathways that act through Gbg complexes?arrow_forward
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Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license