(a) Interpretation: The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined. Concept Introduction: Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles. The following table should be used while determining the shapes: Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle 2 2 0 Linear 180 ° C 3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120 ° C 4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5 ° C 4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 ° C 4 2 2 Bent 109.5 ° C

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11.3, Problem 11.2PP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180 °C
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120 °C
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5 °C
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 °C
4 2 2 Bent 109.5 °C

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

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Q1: Curved Arrows, Bronsted Acids & Bases, Lewis Acids & Bases Considering the following reactions: a) Predict the products to complete the reactions. b) Use curved electron-pushing arrows to show the mechanism for the reaction in the forward direction. Redraw some of the compounds to explicitly illustrate all bonds that are broken and all bonds that are formed. c) Label Bronsted acids and bases in the left side of the reactions. Label conjugate acids and bases in the right side of the reactions. d) Label Lewis acids and bases, nucleophiles and electrophiles in the left side of the reactions. A. + OH CH30: OH B. + HBr C. H₂SO4 D. CF 3. CH 3 + HCI N H fluoxetine antidepressant 1↓ JDownload

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11.3, Problem 11.2PP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180 °C
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120 °C
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5 °C
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 °C
4 2 2 Bent 109.5 °C

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11.3, Problem 11.2PP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180 °C
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120 °C
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5 °C
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 °C
4 2 2 Bent 109.5 °C

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11.3, Problem 11.2PP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180 °C
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120 °C
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5 °C
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 °C
4 2 2 Bent 109.5 °C

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

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Answer 5

Chapter 11.3, Problem 11.2PP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180 °C
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120 °C
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5 °C
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 °C
4 2 2 Bent 109.5 °C

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

Answer 6

Chapter 11.3, Problem 11.2PP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180 °C
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120 °C
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5 °C
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 °C
4 2 2 Bent 109.5 °C

Answer 7

Chapter 11.3, Problem 11.2PP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180 °C
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120 °C
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5 °C
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5 °C
4 2 2 Bent 109.5 °C

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The shape around the labelled atoms needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Shape of a molecule is determined by including only the bond pair not lone pairs on the central atom while geometry includes both the bond pairs and lone pairs on the central atom. Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory or VSEPR theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules by knowing the electron pairs on the central atom. There will be repulsion between the electron pairs present on central atom, so to minimize the repulsion they adopt an arrangement with minimum repulsion, thus determining molecule's shape. And by knowing the shape we can easily determine the bond angles.

The following table should be used while determining the shapes:

Number of groups Number of atoms Number of lone pairs Shape Bond angle
2 2 0 Linear 180°
3 3 0 Trigonal planar 120°
4 4 0 Tetrahedral 109.5°
4 3 1 Trigonal pyramidal 109.5°
4 2 2 Bent 109.5°

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 11.1P Ch. 11.2 - Fill in all H's and lone pairs in each compound.Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11.2PP Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11.2P Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11.3P Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11.3PP Ch. 11.3 - How many lone pairs are present in lidocaine, the...Ch. 11.4 - Convert each compound to a condensed formula.Ch. 11.4 - Convert each condensed formula to a complete...Ch. 11.4 - Convert each skeletal structure to a complete...

Solution Summary: The author describes the Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory used in chemistry as a model for the prediction of shape of various molecules.

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Chapter 11 Solutions

Number of groups	Number of atoms	Number of lone pairs	Shape	Bond angle
2	2	0	Linear	180 °C
3	3	0	Trigonal planar	120 °C
4	4	0	Tetrahedral	109.5 °C
4	3	1	Trigonal pyramidal	109.5 °C
4	2	2	Bent	109.5 °C