Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11.2, Problem 1MQ
- Do missense mutations occur in genes encoding tRNA? Why or why not?
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 11.1 - Distinguish between a mutation and a mutant.Ch. 11.1 - Distinguish between screening and selection.Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 3MQCh. 11.1 - Write a one-sentence definition of the term...Ch. 11.2 - Do missense mutations occur in genes encoding...Ch. 11.2 - Why do frameshift mutations generally have more...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 11.3 - Why are suppressor tRNA mutations not lethal?Ch. 11.3 - Which class of mutation, missense or nonsense, is...Ch. 11.3 - What is the difference between same-site and...
Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 11.5 - Which protein, found in virtually all cells,...Ch. 11.5 - Explain the fate of transferred chromosomal DNA if...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 11.5 - What are heteroduplex regions of DNA and what...Ch. 11.6 - During transformation a cell usually incorporates...Ch. 11.6 - In genetic transformation, what is meant by the...Ch. 11.6 - QExplain why recipient cells do not successfully...Ch. 11.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.7 - What is the major difference between generalized...Ch. 11.7 - Why is phage conversion considered beneficial to...Ch. 11.7 - QExplain how a generalized transducing particle...Ch. 11.8 - In conjugation, how are donor and recipient cells...Ch. 11.8 - Explain how rolling circle DNA replication allows...Ch. 11.8 - QWhat is a sex pilus and which cell type, F or F+,...Ch. 11.9 - In conjugation involving the F plasmid of...Ch. 11.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 11.9 - QWhat is a merodiploid and how does an F plasmid...Ch. 11.10 - Why is it usually more difficult to select...Ch. 11.10 - Why do penicillins not kill species of Archaea?Ch. 11.10 - Explain one type of conjugation in Archaea and how...Ch. 11.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.11 - What is the significance of the terminal inverted...Ch. 11.11 - How can transposons be used in bacterial genetics?Ch. 11.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 11.12 - Why is the CRISPR system considered a prokaryotic...Ch. 11.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.12 - QExplain why incoming DNA recognized by a short...Ch. 11 - A constitutive mutant is a strain that...Ch. 11 - Although a large number of mutagenic chemicals are...Ch. 11 - Why is it difficult in a single experiment to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4AQ
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- Hydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA? Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls. What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene? Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations) Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.arrow_forwardWhat three different types of mutations involve changes in a single base, and what effect can each of them have on a coding sequence? Which type is the most common? Which type has the most severe effect on the function of the encoded protein?arrow_forwardThe genetic code is thought to have evolved to maximize genetic stability by minimizing the effect on protein function of most substitution mutations (single-base changes). We will use the six arginine codons to test this idea. Consider all of the substitutions that could affect all of the six arginine codons.(a) How many total mutations are possible?(b) How many of these mutations are “silent,” in the sense that the mutantcodon is changed to another Arg codon?(c) How many of these mutations are conservative, in the sense that an Argcodon is changed to a functionally similar Lys codon?arrow_forward
- What are Suppressor mutations in tRNA genes?arrow_forwardGiven that out of the 64 codons of mRNA, 61 codify amino acids that form polypeptide chains, what are the functions of the three remaining codons?arrow_forwardA codon that specifies the amino acid Gly undergoes a single-base substitution to become a nonsense mutation. In accord with the genetic code, is this mutation a transition or a transversion? At which position of the codon does the mutation occur?arrow_forward
- Why is it essential that tRNA binds to both amino acids & mRNA codon during protein synthesis?arrow_forwardHow does the cell ensure that a specific amino acid (say, valine) attaches itself only to the one tRNA molecule that is specific for valine? (A) Proteins called aminoacyl DNA synthetases are responsible for bringing together the proper pair. The enzymes match the amino acid and one of the correct DNA molecules carrying the right anticodon. (B) Lipids called aminoacyl tRNA synthetases are responsible for bringing together the proper pair. The lipid binds the amino acid and one of the correct tRNA molecules carrying the right codon. (C) Enzymes called aminoacyl tRNA synthetases are responsible for bringing together the proper pair. The enzymes match the amino acid and one of the correct tRNA molecules carrying the right anticodon. (D) Enzymes called peptidyl mRNA synthetases are responsible for bringing together the proper pair. The enzymes match the amino acid and one of the correct mRNA molecules carrying the right anticodon.arrow_forwardWhy will a mistake in the RNA code alone not become a mutation?arrow_forward
- If DNA codes for mRNA and mRNA codes for protein, then how can the same DNA sequence generate different proteins? What are the 3 tRNA sites on the small ribosomal subunit (just abbreviations)? What is the order of tRNA entrance and exit through the ribosome?arrow_forwardWhy is post translational modification important and Where does protein modification occur?arrow_forwardIs there any function for an intron?arrow_forward
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