Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11.10, Problem 1MQ
Why is it usually more difficult to select recombinants with Archaea than with Bacteria?
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 11.1 - Distinguish between a mutation and a mutant.Ch. 11.1 - Distinguish between screening and selection.Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 3MQCh. 11.1 - Write a one-sentence definition of the term...Ch. 11.2 - Do missense mutations occur in genes encoding...Ch. 11.2 - Why do frameshift mutations generally have more...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 11.3 - Why are suppressor tRNA mutations not lethal?Ch. 11.3 - Which class of mutation, missense or nonsense, is...Ch. 11.3 - What is the difference between same-site and...
Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 11.5 - Which protein, found in virtually all cells,...Ch. 11.5 - Explain the fate of transferred chromosomal DNA if...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 11.5 - What are heteroduplex regions of DNA and what...Ch. 11.6 - During transformation a cell usually incorporates...Ch. 11.6 - In genetic transformation, what is meant by the...Ch. 11.6 - QExplain why recipient cells do not successfully...Ch. 11.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.7 - What is the major difference between generalized...Ch. 11.7 - Why is phage conversion considered beneficial to...Ch. 11.7 - QExplain how a generalized transducing particle...Ch. 11.8 - In conjugation, how are donor and recipient cells...Ch. 11.8 - Explain how rolling circle DNA replication allows...Ch. 11.8 - QWhat is a sex pilus and which cell type, F or F+,...Ch. 11.9 - In conjugation involving the F plasmid of...Ch. 11.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 11.9 - QWhat is a merodiploid and how does an F plasmid...Ch. 11.10 - Why is it usually more difficult to select...Ch. 11.10 - Why do penicillins not kill species of Archaea?Ch. 11.10 - Explain one type of conjugation in Archaea and how...Ch. 11.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 11.11 - What is the significance of the terminal inverted...Ch. 11.11 - How can transposons be used in bacterial genetics?Ch. 11.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 11.12 - Why is the CRISPR system considered a prokaryotic...Ch. 11.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 11.12 - QExplain why incoming DNA recognized by a short...Ch. 11 - A constitutive mutant is a strain that...Ch. 11 - Although a large number of mutagenic chemicals are...Ch. 11 - Why is it difficult in a single experiment to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4AQ
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- If we were to examine a strain with the F plasmid inserted into the same site of the bacterial chromosome, but in the reverse orientation: a) What would the order of gene transfer be? Include all of the genetic markers including the amino acid and nucleic acid metabolism genes and streptomycin resistance. b) What cell types would be able to grow on the NA vs ECM media types? Be sure to include the genotypes of the cells that would grow. Remember that NA provides all nutrients the bacteria needs + no antibiotic and HCM = minimal medium + glucose + has streptomycin antibiotic c) Would we still be able to perform our mapping? Why or why not? (Hint: refer to part b above)arrow_forwardwhat are the plasmid status of bacterial cells resulting from conjugation between a f+ and a f- bacterium ? * a-Two F+ bacteria b-Two F- bacteria c-The F+ bacterium become F- and the F- bacterium become F+ d- The F+ bacterium remain as F+ , and the F- bacterium remain as F-arrow_forward1. What is a plasmid? A) An organelle found in plants that conducts photosynthesis. B) Circular extrachromosomal DNA. C) An essential part of the bacterial chromosome. 2. What is the role of the NaOH in plasmid isolation? A) It increases the pH. B) It denatures the DNA. C) Both of the above. 3. In which direction will the DNA migrate in an agarose gel? A) To the positive pole. B) To the negative pole. C) That depends on the sequence of the DNA. 4. What is the function of SDS? A) It denatures proteins. B) It disintegrates the cell membrane. C) Both of the above. 5. To which species group does E. coli belong to? A) Bacteria, B) Fungi. C) Archaea.arrow_forward
- Why is it important to kill all the bacteria in the raw sewage during phage isolation?arrow_forwardUnlike eukaryotic organisms, bacteria can recombine their genome with foreign DNA.What are the methods bacteria use to recombine their DNA?arrow_forwardAn E. coli colony grew on minimal medium supplemented with arginine and leucine. However, bacteria from this colony are unable to grow and form colonies on minimal medium supplemented with arginine and methionine. What is the genotype of the bacteria in this E. coli colony?arrow_forward
- The figure below shows a partial chromosome map of an E. coli Hfr strain. Each mark = 10 minutes between conjugation transfer time. If transfer of genes begins at “*” relative to the origin of transfer, what is one of the predicted results from this map? It would take less than 30 minutes to transfer all of the genes that are shown. gal and azi will rarely be transferred together. gal and ton will rarely be transferred together. Ten minutes after transfer of ton, lac will be transferred. This strain will produce very few gal recombinants.arrow_forwardYou mix two auxotrophic strains of bacteria; one is leu+ trp+ his– met– and the other is leu– trp– his+ met+. After mixing the two strains, you plate the bacteria on minimal medium and observe a few prototrophic colonies (leu+ trp+ his+ met+). To determine whether gene transfer has occurred through conjugation, transformation, or transduction, you design an experiment in which you place filters between the two strains to see if gene transfer occurs. You set up three treatments:-Treatment A No filter, allowing contact between the bacterial strains-Treatment B Filter that blocks cells, but allows viruses and DNA through the filter-Treatment C Filter that blocks cells and viruses, but allows DNA through the filter When you check the results of your experiment, you find prototrophic colonies have occurred following treatments A and B, but not following treatment C. You conclude that gene transfer occurred through... Answer Choices Available: A) Conjugation B) Transformation C)…arrow_forwardWhy do we want to genetically manipulate bacterial? how can we genetically manipulate bacteria? How can we tell if we have successful transaction?arrow_forward
- DNA from a strain of Bacillus subtilis with genotype a + b + c + d + e + is used to transform a strain with genotype a – b – c – d – e – . Pairs of genes are checked for co-transformation and results shown below are obtained. Based on these results, what is the order of the genes on the bacterial chromosome? Show how you work out the order by diagraming.arrow_forwardBacterial conjugation has medical consequences. For example, certain plasmids contain genes that code for toxins. The causative agent of a deadly form of food poisoning, E. coli 0157, synthesizes a toxin that causes massive bloody diarrhea and kidney failure. This toxin is now believed to have originated in Shigella, another bacterium that causes dysentery. Similarly, the growing problem of antibiotic resistance is partly attributable to the spread of antibioticresistant genes among bacterial populations. Antibiotic resistance develops because antibiotics are overused in medical practice and in livestock feeds. Suggest a mechanism by which this extensive use promotes antibiotic resistance.arrow_forwardWith respect to F+ and F- bacterial matings, answer the following questions: (a) How was it established that physical contact between cells was necessary? (b) How was it established that chromosome transfer was unidirectional? (c) What is the genetic basis for a bacterium’s being F+?arrow_forward
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genetic recombination strategies of bacteria CONJUGATION, TRANSDUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Va8FZJEl9A;License: Standard youtube license