Chapter 11, Problem 88CE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of the given compound $H_{2}S{O}_4$ has to be drawn showing the full charges if charges exist.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structure:

The representation of valence shell electrons around the atom is known as Lewis structure or Lewis dot structure.  Electrons are represented as a dot in Lewis structures, a single dot represents unpaired electron and paired of dots represents paired electrons.

Explanation of Solution

Given compound,

        $H_{2}S{O}_4$

The total number of valence electrons in $H_{2}S{O}_4$ is $32$. 1 electron each from two hydrogen atoms, 6 valence electrons from one sulfur atom and 6 valence electrons each from four oxygen atom.

The skeletal structure of $H_{2}S{O}_4$ can be drawn as follows:

The total number of 12 electrons are used for bonding. Remaining 22 electrons can be distributed over oxygen atoms to get the octet.

The Lewis structure of compound showing charges can be given as follows:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of the given compound $NaN{O}_3$ has to be drawn showing the full charges if charges exist.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a)

Explanation of Solution

Given compound,

        $NaN{O}_3$

The total number of valence electrons in $NaN{O}_3$ is $24$.  1 electron from sodium atom, 5 valence electrons from one nitrogen atom and 6 valence electrons each from three oxygen atom.

The skeletal structure of $NaN{O}_3$ can be drawn as follows:

The total number of 8 electrons are used for bonding. Remaining 16 electrons can be distributed over oxygen atoms to get the octet.

The Lewis structure of compound showing charges can be given as follows:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of the given compound $K_{2}C{O}_3$ has to be drawn showing the full charges if charges exist.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a)

Explanation of Solution

Given compound,

        $K_{2}C{O}_3$

The total number of valence electrons in $K_{2}C{O}_3$ is $24$. 1 electron from each potassium atom, 4 valence electrons from one carbon atom and 6 valence electrons each from three oxygen atom.

The skeletal structure of $K_{2}C{O}_3$ can be drawn as follows:

The total number of 6 electrons are used for bonding. Remaining 18 electrons can be distributed over oxygen atoms to get the octet.

The Lewis structure of compound showing charges can be given as follows:

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of the given compound $HCN$ has to be drawn showing the full charges if charges exist.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a)

Explanation of Solution

Given compound,

        $HCN$

The total number of valence electrons in $HCN$ is $10$. 1 electron from hydrogen atom, 4 valence electrons from one carbon atom and 5 valence electrons each nitrogen atom.

The skeletal structure of $HCN$ can be drawn as follows:

The total number of four electrons are used for bonding. Remaining 6 electrons can be distributed over nitrogen and carbon atoms to get the octet.

The Lewis structure of compound showing charges can be given as follows:

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of the given compound $A{l}_2{\left(S{O}_4\right)}_3$ has to be drawn showing the full charges if charges exist.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a)

Explanation of Solution

Given compound,

        $A{l}_2{\left(S{O}_4\right)}_3$

The total number of valence electrons in $A{l}_2{\left(S{O}_4\right)}_3$ is $96$. 3 electrons each from two aluminum atoms, 6 valence electrons from three sulfur atoms and 6 valence electrons each from 12 oxygen atoms.

The skeletal structure of $A{l}_2{\left(S{O}_4\right)}_3$ can be drawn as follows:

The total number of 32 electrons are used for bonding. Remaining 64 electrons can be distributed over oxygen atoms to get the octet.

The Lewis structure of compound showing charges can be also be represented as follows:

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of the given compound $C{H}_{3}COOH$ has to be drawn showing the full charges if charges exist.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a)

Explanation of Solution

Given compound,

        $C{H}_{3}COOH$

The total number of valence electrons in $C{H}_{3}COOH$ is $24$. 1 electron each from  four hydrogen atoms, 4 valence electrons from one carbon atom and 6 valence electrons each oxygen atom.

The skeletal structure of $C{H}_{3}COOH$ can be drawn as follows:

The total number of 14 electrons are used for bonding. Remaining 10 electrons can be distributed over oxygen and carbon atoms to get the octet.

Here octet of carbon attached to oxygen is not completed. Therefore, the Lewis structure of compound can be given as follows: